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Meiosis and Mitosis Essentials
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1
Question
What is the main purpose of meiosis in organisms?
Answer
Reduce chromosome number; produce gametes with haploid set.
2
Question
What structures form at opposite poles during mitosis?
Answer
Spindle fibers and centrosomes.
3
Question
Where does the spindle attach during mitosis?
Answer
At the kinetochore of each chromosome.
4
Question
Describe what happens in anaphase of mitosis.
Answer
Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.
5
Question
How does cytokinesis differ in plant and animal cells?
Answer
Animal: cleavage furrow; Plant: cell plate formation.
6
Question
What is crossing over, and when does it occur?
Answer
Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during Prophase I.
7
Question
What is the outcome of meiosis II?
Answer
Four haploid cells with single chromosomes.
8
Question
Why are homologous chromosomes important in meiosis?
Answer
They enable genetic recombination and proper segregation.
9
Question
What is the significance of meiosis in maintaining chromosome number?
Answer
It prevents chromosome doubling across generations.
10
Question
What are the four phases of mitosis?
Answer
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase—stages of chromosomal separation.
11
Question
What is the purpose of meiosis?
Answer
Reduce chromosome number; produce haploid gametes for sexual reproduction.
12
Question
What is a chromatid?
Answer
A chromosomal arm; sister chromatids are identical copies joined at the centromere.
13
Question
What occurs during metaphase?
Answer
Chromosomes align across the cell's metaphase plate.
14
Question
Describe anaphase in mitosis.
Answer
Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.
15
Question
Key event in telophase?
Answer
Chromatids reach poles; nuclear envelopes reassemble.
16
Question
How do cytokinesis differ in plant and animal cells?
Answer
Animal: cleavage furrow; Plant: formation of a cell plate.
17
Question
What happens in meiosis I prophase?
Answer
Homologous chromosomes pair and crossing over occurs.
18
Question
Metaphase I of meiosis?
Answer
Homologous pairs line up as tetrads at the cell's equator.
19
Question
Outcome of meiosis II?
Answer
Four haploid cells with single sets of chromosomes.
20
Question
Function of the centromere?
Answer
Links sister chromatids and aids in their separation.