/
Flashcards from Upload
Save to my account
Sign up
Flashcards from Upload
Clinical Examination And Patient History Essentials
Study
1
Question
What is the primary purpose of physical examination and history taking?
Answer
To establish diagnosis and plan treatment.
2
Question
How should doctors frame questions to encourage full patient responses?
Answer
Use open-ended questions to invite detailed stories.
3
Question
What are the two main frameworks a doctor should differentiate during consultation?
Answer
Disease framework and illness framework.
4
Question
Name three core clinical communication skills essential for patient-centered care.
Answer
Active listening, empathy, and building rapport.
5
Question
What non-verbal cues are part of the SOFTEN model for patient interaction?
Answer
Smile, open posture, touch, eye contact, nod.
6
Question
Describe the five-step process of patient-centered interviewing.
Answer
Set the stage, elicit chief complaint, open HPI, focus HPI, transition to clinician-centered questions.
7
Question
According to the British GMC, what is the first duty of a doctor?
Answer
To make patient care the first concern.
8
Question
What does the Declaration of Geneva emphasize about a physician's service?
Answer
Service of humanity, patient welfare, and respect for human life and dignity.
9
Question
What key details identify a patient's full identity during history taking?
Answer
Name, age, sex, occupation, address, religion, hospital details.
10
Question
Why document previous hospital admissions?
Answer
To understand past illnesses, treatments, and their relation to the current condition.
11
Question
What should the chief complaint section include and how should it be recorded?
Answer
Main symptoms in patient's words, with duration and order of occurrence.
12
Question
Name three aspects to explore during history of present illness (HPI).
Answer
Onset, course, character, location, associated symptoms, treatment effect.
13
Question
Why ask about associated symptoms in HPI?
Answer
To understand the full clinical picture and possible diagnoses.
14
Question
Name two common fever patterns and their characteristics.
Answer
Intermittent (peaks and subsides), continuous (persistently high).
15
Question
What is the normal body temperature range and its daily fluctuation?
Answer
36.2°C - 37.2°C, lowest at 6 AM, higher at 6 PM.
16
Question
Define hyperpyrexia in terms of body temperature.
Answer
Body temperature above 41.5°C.
17
Question
List common causes of fever.
Answer
Infection, trauma, surgery, malignancy, drug reactions, immune disorders.
18
Question
How is hypertension defined by blood pressure readings?
Answer
Systolic >130 mmHg or diastolic >80 mmHg.
19
Question
What is the hypothalamic set point change during fever?
Answer
It elevates above normal, causing increased body temperature.
20
Question
How do endogenous pyrogens affect body temperature regulation?
Answer
They act on the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center to raise temperature.
21
Question
What is the typical mean oral body temperature range?
Answer
36.2°C to 37.2°C.
22
Question
How much higher is core temperature compared to oral temperature?
Answer
Approximately 0.5°C higher.
23
Question
Which temperature reading indicates hyperpyrexia?
Answer
Above 41.5°C.
24
Question
Define intermittent fever pattern.
Answer
High-grade paroxysms lasting short periods, then subsiding.
25
Question
What distinguishes remittent fever from continuous fever?
Answer
Remittent has >1°C variation; continuous fever varies less than 1°C.
26
Question
What are typical blood pressure values for hypotension?
Answer
Systolic less than 90 mmHg and diastolic less than 60 mmHg.
27
Question
What is primary hypertension?
Answer
Hypertension with unknown (idiopathic) cause, representing most cases.
28
Question
Name causes of secondary hypertension.
Answer
Renal disease, endocrinopathies, drugs.
29
Question
How does heart rate respond to increased body temperature?
Answer
Increases by about 18 bpm per 1°C temperature rise.
30
Question
What is relative bradycardia and in which infections does it occur?
Answer
Low pulse relative to fever; seen in enteric fever, Legionnaire’s disease, viral infections.