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Cell Structure and Function
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Cell Structure and Function
Cell Structure and Function
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1
Question
What is the main structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Answer
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
2
Question
Which domains consist of prokaryotic cells?
Answer
Bacteria and Archaea.
3
Question
Name two features all cells share.
Answer
Plasma membrane and ribosomes.
4
Question
What serves as the genetic control center in eukaryotic cells?
Answer
The nucleus.
5
Question
What protects the nucleus and regulates molecular traffic?
Answer
The nuclear envelope with nuclear pores.
6
Question
Where is most of the DNA located in a eukaryotic cell?
Answer
In the nucleus.
7
Question
What is the role of ribosomes in the cell?
Answer
Protein synthesis.
8
Question
Describe the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum.
Answer
A network of membrane tubules; rough ER has ribosomes, smooth ER does not.
9
Question
What are the functions of the rough ER?
Answer
Synthesizes glycoproteins and membrane production.
10
Question
How does the Golgi apparatus modify and sort proteins?
Answer
By processing, packaging into vesicles, and directing to destinations.
11
Question
What is the primary function of lysosomes?
Answer
Digesting macromolecules and cellular components.
12
Question
What process involves lysosomes fusing with food vacuoles?
Answer
Phagocytosis.
13
Question
What are vacuoles and their functions in plant and fungal cells?
Answer
Storage, disposal, water regulation, and growth.
14
Question
What is the main role of mitochondria?
Answer
Cellular respiration to produce ATP.
15
Question
Describe the internal structure of mitochondria.
Answer
Outer membrane, folded inner membrane with cristae, intermembrane space, and matrix.
16
Question
What is the function of chloroplasts?
Answer
Photosynthesis, capturing light energy.
17
Question
What are thylakoids and the stroma in chloroplasts?
Answer
Thylakoids are membrane sacs; stroma is the internal fluid.
18
Question
What is the cytoskeleton's main role?
Answer
Organizing structures and activities within the cell.
19
Question
Name the three types of fibers in the cytoskeleton.
Answer
Microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.
20
Question
How do cilia and flagella move the cell?
Answer
Microtubules control their beating patterns.
21
Question
What are extracellular structures that help coordinate cell activities?
Answer
Cell walls, extracellular matrix, and intercellular junctions.
22
Question
Which components are part of the plant cell wall?
Answer
Cellulose fibers embedded in polysaccharides and protein.