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Adolescent Development and Intervention
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1
Question
What are the four main systems in Bronfenbrenner's socio-ecological model of adolescent development?
Answer
Microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem.
2
Question
Why is an evidence-based approach crucial in adolescent intervention?
Answer
It ensures decisions are supported by theory and research, avoiding overgeneralization.
3
Question
What role does self-reflection play for practitioners working with adolescents?
Answer
It helps recognize biases, manage reactions, and understand cultural influences.
4
Question
What are three major physical domains affected by puberty?
Answer
Body size and strength, reproductive system maturation, secondary sexual characteristics.
5
Question
How does neuroscience explain adolescent brain development?
Answer
Major growth, myelination, pruning, and late maturation of the prefrontal cortex.
6
Question
What is Piaget's formal operational stage?
Answer
Adolescents develop abstract, hypothetical, and multi-perspective thinking.
7
Question
What are the signs of adolescent egocentrism?
Answer
Personal fable, imaginary audience, pseudo-stupidity.
8
Question
How are physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development interconnected?
Answer
Physical changes trigger cognitive shifts, which influence identity, self-esteem, and relationships.
9
Question
What does the 'Storm and Stress' theory propose about adolescence?
Answer
It describes adolescence as a time of moodiness, conflict, and risk-taking.
10
Question
What did Daniel Offer's study reveal about adolescent experiences of storm and stress?
Answer
Only 15% are tumultuous; most adolescents are stable or have temporary shifts.
11
Question
How does puberty impact self-esteem during adolescence?
Answer
It often lowers self-esteem temporarily due to body image and peer evaluations.
12
Question
What are Marcia's four identity statuses?
Answer
Achievement, moratorium, foreclosure, diffusion.
13
Question
What characterizes early adolescence (~10-13 years)?
Answer
Egocentric, insecure, preoccupied with body image, vulnerable self-esteem.
14
Question
What are the differences between authoritative and authoritarian parenting?
Answer
Authoritative: high warmth, moderate control; authoritative: high control, low warmth.
15
Question
What is a protective family factor for adolescent development?
Answer
Secure attachment, parental involvement, family cohesion.
16
Question
How does family structure, like divorce, affect adolescents?
Answer
Can disrupt parenting, cause economic strain; adjustment depends on context.
17
Question
What functions do friendship serve in adolescence?
Answer
Reassurance, identity formation, peer feedback.
18
Question
What are risks of delinquent peer groups?
Answer
Influence antisocial behaviors and increase rejection or depression risks.
19
Question
What are the benefits and risks of digital communication for adolescents?
Answer
Facilitates identity and connection; risks include sexting, cyberbullying.
20
Question
What is the typical age of first sexual intercourse in Canada?
Answer
Approximately 18 years old.
21
Question
What protects against risks related to adolescent sexuality?
Answer
Parental support, education, access to contraception, inclusive environments.
22
Question
What school-level factors promote adolescent resilience?
Answer
Supportive relationships, positive ethos, extracurricular involvement, smaller classes.
23
Question
What is collective efficacy in community contexts?
Answer
Shared responsibility and willingness to intervene for the common good.
24
Question
Who are the main actors involved in bullying, and what are their roles?
Answer
Bully, bullied, bystander.
25
Question
What are key strategies for preventing bullying school-wide?
Answer
Clear policies, restorative procedures, positive programs.
26
Question
How do prevention and treatment differ in adolescent intervention?
Answer
Prevention is proactive, reducing risks; treatment is reactive, addressing existing problems.
27
Question
What distinguishes primary/universal prevention from targeted prevention?
Answer
Universal: all youth; targeted: at-risk subgroups.
28
Question
What are the main actors involved in bullying and their roles?
Answer
Bully: aggressive, low empathy; Bullied: withdrawn, low self-esteem; Bystander: supports bullying silently.
29
Question
What are key components of Barbara Coloroso's 3 Ps for preventing bullying?
Answer
Policy: rules; Procedures: consequences and restitution; Programs: positive school climate.
30
Question
How does cyberbullying differ from traditional bullying?
Answer
More harmful due to anonymity; witnesses 25%; can cause serious mental distress.