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Ecosystems Electricity and Atomic Theory
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Ecosystems Electricity and Atomic Theory
Ecosystems Electricity and Atomic Theory
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1
Question
What are three biotic components in a forest ecosystem?
Answer
Monkey, trees, flowers
2
Question
What are three abiotic components in a forest ecosystem?
Answer
Air, water, sunlight
3
Question
Name three processes that add carbon to the atmosphere.
Answer
Respiration, fossil fuel burning, deforestation
4
Question
Name two processes that remove carbon from the atmosphere.
Answer
Photosynthesis, ocean absorption
5
Question
What is the primary energy source for all ecosystems?
Answer
The sun
6
Question
How is energy from the sun captured in an ecosystem?
Answer
By producers through photosynthesis
7
Question
What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?
Answer
6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + sunlight → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂
8
Question
How does the process of photosynthesis differ from cellular respiration?
Answer
Photosynthesis converts CO₂ and water to glucose and oxygen; respiration uses glucose and oxygen to produce energy.
9
Question
What distinguishes herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and decomposers?}
Answer
Herbivores eat plants, carnivores eat meat, omnivores eat both, decomposers break down organic matter.
10
Question
Provide an example of a top carnivore.
Answer
Lion
11
Question
What are trophic levels? Name the organism type at each level.
Answer
Producers (plants), primary consumers (herbivores), secondary consumers (small carnivores/omnivores), tertiary consumers (top predators)
12
Question
Why are decomposers vital to ecosystems?
Answer
They break down dead matter, recycling nutrients to soil.
13
Question
Summarize photosynthesis and cellular respiration in words.
Answer
Carbon dioxide + water + sunlight = glucose + oxygen
14
Question
Summarize the chemical equations for photosynthesis and respiration.
Answer
6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + sunlight → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ (photosynthesis); Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy (respiration)
15
Question
What is the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs? Give an example of each.
Answer
Autotrophs make their own food (plants); heterotrophs consume other organisms (humans).
16
Question
What percentage of energy is transferred between trophic levels, and why are most food chains limited to 4-5 levels?
Answer
10%; most energy is lost as heat.
17
Question
How does an increase in herbivores affect the food web?
Answer
More prey for predators; fewer plants, decreasing plant population.
18
Question
What is an ecological pyramid?
Answer
A diagram showing energy, biomass, or number of organisms at each trophic level.
19
Question
How do human activities impact biogeochemical cycles and biodiversity?
Answer
Fossil fuel burning, habitat destruction, pollution, overfishing, deforestation.
20
Question
Define symbiotic relationships and give examples of each type.
Answer
Predation (lion-prey), mutualism (bees-flowers), parasitism (ticks-host), commensalism (shark-fish).
21
Question
What is static electricity, and how do charges behave?
Answer
Charges are positive, negative, or neutral; opposite charges attract, like charges repel.
22
Question
What is current electricity?
Answer
Flow of electrons through a material.
23
Question
Name materials that conduct electricity and how they function.
Answer
Copper, aluminum; allow electrons to move freely.
24
Question
What are insulators and give examples?
Answer
Materials that resist electron flow, e.g., rubber, plastic.
25
Question
Describe the process of charging by friction.
Answer
Rubbing two materials transfers electrons, creating static charges.
26
Question
What is the electrostatic series?
Answer
A list ranking materials by how easily they acquire charge through friction.
27
Question
What happens during temporary induction?
Answer
Bringing a charged object near a neutral object causes electrons to rearrange temporarily.
28
Question
Explain how permanent induction charges an object.
Answer
Charging a neutral object by grounding while near a charged object causes a lasting charge.
29
Question
What is static electricity involved in naturally?
Answer
Lightning
30
Question
Describe a modern industrial use of static electricity.
Answer
Electrostatic precipitator removes dust from smoke stacks.