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Reading Fundamentals
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Reading Fundamentals
Reading Fundamentals
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1
Question
What is the Alphabetic Principle?
Answer
The understanding that writing symbols represent spoken language sounds.
2
Question
What are the key requirements for understanding the Alphabetic Principle?
Answer
Letters correspond to specific speech sounds and words can be decoded by breaking them into individual sounds.
3
Question
What is crucial for mastering the Alphabetic Principle?
Answer
Phonemic awareness.
4
Question
What makes English orthography complex?
Answer
More spelling patterns to represent one sound, one spelling pattern representing more than one sound, and mastering 200 letter combinations can take up to three years.
5
Question
According to Leipzig (2001), what does the reading process involve?
Answer
Word recognition, comprehension, fluency, and motivation.
6
Question
Name three cognitive models of reading.
Answer
The Big Six (Five Pillars), The Simple View of Reading, and Scarborough’s Rope Model.
7
Question
According to The Simple View of Reading model, what are the key components of reading?
Answer
Decoding skills and Language Comprehension Skills.
8
Question
What are the key aspects of word recognition?
Answer
Phonological awareness, decoding, and sight recognition.
9
Question
While children are building their word recognition skills, what will teachers be building?
Answer
Literacy concepts, text structure, and language features.
10
Question
What is a conceptual framework?
Answer
A theoretical structure of assumptions, principles, and rules that holds together the ideas comprising a broad concept.
11
Question
What is the Gradual Release of Responsibility (GRR) Model?
Answer
A framework to support the learning of skills and strategies where responsibility shifts from teacher to student.
12
Question
What are the stages of scaffolding new learning?
Answer
Modeling/Demonstration (I DO), Guided Practice (WE DO), and Independent Learning (YOU DO).
13
Question
What is the Literacy Block?
Answer
A block of time dedicated to literacy instruction with interrelated lessons.
14
Question
How are the GRR Model and the Literacy Block related?
Answer
The GRR model provides a framework for delivering instruction, while the Literacy Block provides the structured time frame.
15
Question
What is Oral Language?
Answer
A form of communication involving spoken words, sentences, gestures, and body language.
16
Question
What are the key components of oral language?
Answer
Phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.
17
Question
What is Receptive Language?
Answer
Listening and understanding.
18
Question
What is Expressive Language?
Answer
Speaking and using language to communicate.
19
Question
What are the key aspects of the relationship between language and reading?
Answer
Interconnectedness, Language Comprehension, and Complexity of Books.
20
Question
What are some instructional approaches for teaching oral language?
Answer
Vocabulary instruction, reading to children, dialogic reading, and purposeful partner talk.
21
Question
What is dialogic reading?
Answer
Encourages active engagement during shared reading using the PEER sequence (Prompt, Evaluate, Expand, Repeat).
22
Question
What are the key strategies for vocabulary development?
Answer
Use explicit instruction, encourage wide independent reading, and provide challenging texts.
23
Question
What are the three tiers of words?
Answer
Tier 1 - basic words, Tier 2 - high frequency/language of books, Tier 3 - lower frequency/domain-specific.
24
Question
What is the Alphabetic Principle in word recognition skills?
Answer
Understanding that letters represent sounds in words.
25
Question
What is Phonemic Awareness?
Answer
The ability to hear and manipulate individual sounds (phonemes).
26
Question
What is Phonics?
Answer
The relationship between sounds (phonemes) and written symbols (graphemes).
27
Question
What is Phonological Awareness?
Answer
Sensitivity to the sound structure of speech (words, syllables, rhymes).
28
Question
What is Phonemic Awareness?
Answer
Ability to manipulate individual phonemes (smallest units of sound).
29
Question
What are the key aspects of phonics instruction?
Answer
Systematic instruction and explicit instruction.
30
Question
What is Synthetic Phonics?
Answer
A "part-to-whole" approach where sounds are blended to form words.