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Inflammation and Viruses
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Inflammation and Viruses
Inflammation and Viruses
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1
Question
What is Dermatitis?
Answer
Inflammation of the skin.
2
Question
What is Folliculitis?
Answer
Inflammation of a hair follicle, the sac that contains a hair shaft.
3
Question
What is Bronchitis?
Answer
Inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the bronchial tubes; most commonly caused by respiratory viruses.
4
Question
What is Gastritis?
Answer
Inflammation of the mucosal lining of the stomach.
5
Question
What is Cystitis?
Answer
Inflammation of the urinary bladder; the most common type of UTI. The most common cause of cystitis is Escherichia coli.
6
Question
What is Endocarditis?
Answer
Inflammation of the endocardium—the endothelial membrane that lines the cavities of the heart.
7
Question
What is bacteremia?
Answer
The presence of bacteria in the bloodstream.
8
Question
What is septicemia?
Answer
A systemic disease in which the patient experiences chills, fever, prostration (extreme exhaustion) and has bacteria and/or their toxins in the bloodstream.
9
Question
What tests are routinely performed on donor blood in the United States?
Answer
Treponema pallidum antigen, HIV-1 antibody, HIV-2 antibody, HIV p24 antigen, HTLV-1 antibody, Hepatitis B surface antigen, Hepatitis B core antibody, Hepatitis C antibody
10
Question
What is lymphadenitis?
Answer
Inflamed and swollen lymph nodes.
11
Question
What is lymphadenopathy?
Answer
Diseased lymph nodes.
12
Question
What is lymphangitis?
Answer
Inflamed lymphatic vessels.
13
Question
What does the CNS consist of?
Answer
The brain, the spinal cord, and the three membranes (or meninges) that cover the brain and spinal cord.
14
Question
What is encephalitis?
Answer
Inflammation of the brain.
15
Question
What is encephalomyelitis?
Answer
Inflammation of the brain and spinal cord.
16
Question
What is meningitis?
Answer
Inflammation of the membranes (meninges) that surround the brain and spinal cord.
17
Question
What is meningoencephalitis?
Answer
Inflammation of the brain and meninges.
18
Question
What is myelitis?
Answer
Inflammation of the spinal cord.
19
Question
What can meningitis be caused by?
Answer
The ingestion of poisons, the ingestion or injection of drugs, a reaction to a vaccine, or a pathogen.
20
Question
What is viral meningitis sometimes referred to as?
Answer
Aseptic meningitis
21
Question
What are the three major causes of bacterial meningitis?
Answer
H. influenzae (the primary cause in children), Neisseria meningitidis (the primary cause in adolescents), and S. pneumoniae (the primary cause in the elderly).
22
Question
What free-living amebas may cause meningoencephalitis?
Answer
Naegleria and Acanthamoeba
23
Question
What protozoa can cause CNS diseases?
Answer
Free-living amebas and Toxoplasma and Trypanosoma spp.
24
Question
What are opportunistic infections (OIs)?
Answer
Infections that normally would not occur in healthy, immunocompetent individuals or would, at most, cause only mild infections.
25
Question
What is the difference between nationally notifiable infectious diseases and other infectious diseases?
Answer
When a patient is diagnosed with one of the nationally notifiable diseases in the United States, the information must be reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
26
Question
How do viruses cause disease?
Answer
Viruses multiply within host cells, and it is during their escape from those cells—by either cell lysis or budding—that the host cells are destroyed.
27
Question
What is chickenpox (varicella) caused by?
Answer
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV); a herpes virus (family Herpesviridae) that is also known as human herpesvirus 3; a DNA virus.
28
Question
What is German measles (Rubella) caused by?
Answer
Rubella virus, an RNA virus in the family Togaviridae.
29
Question
What is measles (Hard Measles, Rubeola) caused by?
Answer
Measles virus (also known as rubeola virus). It is an RNA virus in the family Paramyxoviridae.
30
Question
What are Koplik spots?
Answer
Small red spots, in the center of which can be seen a minute bluish white speck when observed under a strong light, an early sign of measles, usually appear prior to the onset of skin rash.