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Young Adulthood Development
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Young Adulthood Development
Young Adulthood Development
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1
Question
What are the most common habit-forming drugs during young adulthood?
Answer
Marijuana and prescription painkillers are the most common, followed by cocaine and heroin.
2
Question
Why are adolescence and emerging adulthood considered sensitive periods for depressive disorders?
Answer
These periods are sensitive because depression often begins then and may carry over into adulthood, especially in individuals with childhood risk factors such as neurological or developmental disorders, unstable families, or behavioral disorders.
3
Question
What is reflective thinking in adult cognition?
Answer
Reflective thinking is an active, persistent, and careful consideration of information or beliefs, involving continual questioning of facts, drawing inferences, making connections, and frequent engagement in critical thinking.
4
Question
How does the brain change around 20-25 years of age related to cognitive development?
Answer
The brain forms new neurons, synapses, and dendritic connections, and the cortical regions responsible for higher-level thinking become fully myelinated.
5
Question
What characterizes postformal thought?
Answer
Postformal thought is characterized by the ability to deal with inconsistency, contradiction, and compromise; it uses intuition and emotion alongside logic and acknowledges multiple valid perspectives and shades of gray.
6
Question
Describe Schaie's lifespan model of cognitive development stages.
Answer
1. Acquisitive Stage (childhood/adolescence): acquire info for own sake or preparation. 2. Achieving Stage (late teens-30s): use knowledge to pursue goals. 3. Responsible Stage (late 30s-60s): solve practical problems related to responsibilities. 4. Executive Stage (30s/40s to middle age): responsible for societal systems/movements. 5. Reorganizational Stage (end middle age/early late adulthood): reorganize life around meaningful pursuits after retirement. 6. Reintegrative Stage (late adulthood): focus on meaningful tasks. 7. Legacy-Creating Stage (advanced old age): create legacy through stories or arrangements.
7
Question
What is sexual script and how does it relate to emerging adults' sexual behavior?
Answer
Sexual script is a stereotyped pattern of role prescriptions for how individuals should behave sexually. Emerging adults tend to have more sexual partners than older groups but have sex less frequently.
8
Question
What are some common sexual and reproductive issues faced in young adulthood?
Answer
Issues include pre-marital sex trends, acceptability of homosexual unions, use of contraceptives like birth control pills and condoms, casual sex, sexual assaults including rape and date/acquaintance rape, premenstrual syndrome, dysmenorrhea, and infertility causes.
9
Question
What are the four emotional skills involved in emotional intelligence according to Salovey & Mayer (1990)?
Answer
The abilities to perceive, use, understand, and manage or regulate emotions to achieve their goals.
10
Question
What does Kohlberg's Postconventional Morality involve?
Answer
It involves fully principled moral reasoning based on universal principles of justice, where individuals make moral decisions beyond societal norms.
11
Question
What is the importance of family support during college?
Answer
Family support is key to college adjustment and commitment to career, ensuring better social integration and motivation.
12
Question
What are the stages of recentering in emerging adulthood?
Answer
Stage 1: Still embedded in family but increasing self-reliance. Stage 2: Connected but not embedded in family. Stage 3: Marked independence, with identity achievement around age 30.
13
Question
How does typological approach complement trait research in personality development?
Answer
It examines whole personality functioning in adults by categorizing types such as ego-resilient (well-adjusted), overcontrolled (shy, anxious), and undercontrolled (impulsive, energetic) to understand personality beyond traits.
14
Question
According to Erikson, what is the crisis and virtue of young adulthood?
Answer
Crisis: Intimacy vs. Isolation. Virtue: Love. Successfully making deep personal commitments results in love, while failure can lead to isolation and self-absorption.
15
Question
What are the three attachment styles identified in young adults?
Answer
1. Secure: positive views of relationships, easy to get close. 2. Avoidant: hesitant to get involved and distant from partners. 3. Anxious: demand closeness, less trusting, emotional and jealous.
16
Question
What elements compose Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love?
Answer
Intimacy (emotional connection), Passion (motivational/sexual drive), and Commitment (decision to love and maintain relationship). Different combinations create various types of love.
17
Question
What distinguishes consummate love from other types of love?
Answer
Consummate love includes all three components of Sternberg’s theory: intimacy, passion, and commitment.
18
Question
What challenges does parenthood typically introduce to marital satisfaction?
Answer
Marital satisfaction often declines during child-raising years, especially as the number of children increases, and many couples adopt more traditional gender roles with women doing most caregiving.
19
Question
What factors are most cited for marriage ending?
Answer
Incompatibility, lack of emotional or career support, abuse, premarital cohabitation, and infidelity.
20
Question
How do friendships in young adulthood tend to differ from earlier stages?
Answer
Friendships tend to be less stable due to frequent relocations and usually center more on work, sharing confidence, and advice rather than long-term closeness.