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Learning and Memory Flashcards
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Learning and Memory Flashcards
Psych Final Exam Study Guide
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1
Question
Ryan is seeing a therapist because he is concerned about having romantic feelings for his biology teacher. The therapist notes that these feelings reflect his unconscious longings for attention from his mother. The therapist’s assessment most clearly reflects a(n ) ________ perspective.
Answer
psychodynamic
2
Question
Which of the following body part(s) is/are associated with the greatest amount of brain tissue in the motor cortex?
Answer
mouth
3
Question
By about 10 months of age, infants
Answer
lose their ability to discriminate sounds found outside their native language.
4
Question
Dionata is taking a test online that covers the text chapter on thinking and language. When she has to solve an application question, Dionata is most likely to rely on
Answer
algorithms
5
Question
Researchers have demonstrated that unrehearsed short-term memories for three consonants almost completely decay in as short a time as:
Answer
12 seconds.
6
Question
Kayla is having an allergy attack that has been triggered by the sight of plastic flowers. This best illustrates the process of:
Answer
generalization.
7
Question
Triana is 50 years old. Since she was a child, she has spent all her spare time reading science fiction novels. She now feels ready to use her accumulated knowledge to create her own science fiction novel. The resulting book would most likely demonstrate her:
Answer
crystallized intelligence.
8
Question
Classical conditioning is to ________ as operant conditioning is to ________.
Answer
respondent behavior; operant behavior
9
Question
You would be most likely to use operant conditioning to teach a dog to:
Answer
walk on its hind legs.
10
Question
Zach smells the food his father is cooking for dinner and begins to salivate. He is demonstrating:
Answer
respondent behavior.
11
Question
Emile has learned that his parents will give him a cookie whenever he hangs up his clothes at night. So, Emile hangs up his clothes every day so he will get the candy. Emile’s behavior is called ________ because his intent is to produce a consequence, getting a cookie.
Answer
an operant behavior
12
Question
After repeatedly drinking alcohol spiked with a nauseating drug, people with alcohol use disorder may fail to develop an aversion to alcohol because they blame their nausea on the drug. This illustrates the importance of ________ in classical conditioning.
Answer
cognitive processes
13
Question
Jacqueline becomes excited when she sees her handsome boyfriend but not when she sees her equally handsome brother. This best illustrates the value of:
Answer
discrimination.
14
Question
In writing his essay for English class, Dennis made sure that his subjects and verbs agreed because he did not want to lose points for faulty:
Answer
syntax.
15
Question
Young adults’ large working-memory capacity has been associated with their ability to retain information after sleeping and to:
Answer
solve problems creatively.
16
Question
Robert Sternberg and his colleagues:
Answer
identified five components of creativity.
17
Question
Cerebellum is to ________ memory as hippocampus is to ________ memory.
Answer
implicit; explicit
18
Question
Most psychologists would advise parents and caregivers who want to change a child's bad behavior to make greater use of:
Answer
reinforcement than of punishment.
19
Question
After hearing a list of items, peoples' immediate recall of the items is more likely to show a(n) ________ effect than is their later recall of the items.
Answer
recency
20
Question
Thirteen-month-old Emile is just beginning to use words to convey meaning. His first words are mostly:
Answer
nouns.
21
Question
The more often Brayden is scolded following a temper tantrum, the more frequently he loses his temper. In this case, the scolding serves as a ________ for Brayden’s temper tantrums.
Answer
positive reinforcer
22
Question
To find out if her new perceptual reasoning test is good at measuring what it was designed to measure, Dr. Tebbeb compares the scores on her test with the scores and grades of college students enrolled in courses that involve perceptual reasoning. In this instance, Dr. Tebbeb is in the process of:
Answer
establishing the test's validity.
23
Question
When people learn that a flash on their cell phone signals an incoming message, they are illustrating:
Answer
classical conditioning.
24
Question
Which test of memory typically provides the fewest retrieval cues?
Answer
recall
25
Question
Because of the testimony of a witness, Jeremy was sentenced to prison for a crime he did not commit. Jeremy was sent to prison because of:
Answer
the witness’ memory construction errors.
26
Question
Who believed that human behavior is controlled primarily by external influences?
Answer
Skinner
27
Question
Which of the following is FALSE regarding adoption and intelligence?
Answer
The intelligence test scores of fraternal twins who have been adopted do not correlate with one another.
28
Question
To get you to increase the frequency of your daily exercise, operant behavior specialists are most likely to recommend that you:
Answer
share your exercise goals with a friend and specify how you plan to achieve them.
29
Question
One component of emotional intelligence involves:
Answer
predicting accurately when feelings are about to change.
30
Question
Advertising by insurance companies encourages people to imagine their homes being destroyed by fire. By doing this, they improve their salespeople's success at selling expensive homeowners' policies. They are most clearly exploiting the influence of:
Answer
the availability heuristic.