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Nervous System and Sensory Organs
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Nervous System and Sensory Organs
Nervous System and Sensory Organs
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Question
Which type of neuron carries information from the body to the central nervous system?
Answer
A sensory neuron carries information from the body to the central nervous system.
Question
What is the main difference between the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
Answer
The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS includes all the nerves outside the CNS.
Question
What role does the optic nerve play in vision?
Answer
The optic nerve carries visual information from the eye to the brain.
Question
How does the eardrum (tympanic membrane) contribute to hearing?
Answer
The eardrum vibrates when sound waves hit it, helping to transmit sound to the middle ear bones.
Question
What is a synapse in the context of neurons?
Answer
A synapse is the gap between two neurons where neurotransmitters transfer signals.
Question
List and briefly describe the function of the main parts of a neuron.
Answer
- Dendrite: receives signals from other neurons. - Cell body (Soma): contains the nucleus and processes signals. - Axon: transmits signals away from the cell body. - Myelin sheath: speeds up signal transmission along the axon. - Axon terminal: passes signals to the next cell.
Question
What are the key parts of the human eye involved in vision?
Answer
Key parts include the cornea (focuses light), iris (controls pupil size), pupil (controls light entry), lens (further focuses light), retina (detects light), and optic nerve (transmits visual signals to the brain).
Question
Identify the main parts of the ear involved in hearing and balance.
Answer
The main parts are the outer ear (collects sound), eardrum (vibrates in response to sound), cochlea (converts vibrations to nerve signals), semicircular canals (help with balance), and auditory nerve (transmits sound signals to the brain).
Question
What can happen to vision if the retina is damaged, and why?
Answer
Vision can become blurry, distorted, or lost completely because the retina detects light and sends visual information to the brain.