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Physical Assessment Comprehensive Review
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Physical Assessment Comprehensive Review
Physical Assessment Comprehensive Review
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1
Question
What are the key methods used in lung assessment?
Answer
Lung assessment involves inspection, palpation, and auscultation to evaluate normal and abnormal findings.
2
Question
What does 'adventitious lung sounds' refer to?
Answer
Adventitious lung sounds are abnormal breath sounds heard during auscultation indicating possible lung pathology.
3
Question
What are the primary methods used in abdominal assessment?
Answer
Abdominal assessment includes inspection, auscultation, percussion, and palpation.
4
Question
Why is it important to know the anatomy and physiology (A&P) of the abdomen when performing an abdominal assessment?
Answer
Understanding the A&P of the abdomen helps to accurately interpret normal versus abnormal findings during assessment.
5
Question
Which assessments are included in the Genitourinary (GU) assessment?
Answer
GU assessment includes female and male genital and breast assessment, as well as testicular assessment.
6
Question
In GU and breast assessment, why is knowledge of appropriate positioning important?
Answer
Appropriate positioning ensures accurate and thorough assessment and helps distinguish normal from abnormal findings.
7
Question
What is involved in testicular assessment?
Answer
Testicular assessment involves evaluating for normal versus abnormal findings during a physical exam.
8
Question
What types of history questions are important for GU and breast assessments?
Answer
History questions focus on symptoms, risk factors, and changes related to genitourinary and breast health.
9
Question
What is meant by Range of Motion (ROM) in musculoskeletal assessment?
Answer
ROM refers to normal joint rotation and extremity movement movements such as flexion and adduction.
10
Question
What elements are evaluated in musculoskeletal (MS) assessment?
Answer
MS assessment includes checking for normal versus abnormal findings in joints, extremities, and spine.
11
Question
Why is it important to consider age-related changes in musculoskeletal assessment?
Answer
Age-related changes can affect joint mobility and muscle strength, influencing assessment results and function.
12
Question
What is the significance of evaluating fall risk in musculoskeletal assessment?
Answer
Evaluating fall risk helps identify patients susceptible to falls due to musculoskeletal or balance impairments.
13
Question
What is assessed when testing Deep Tendon Reflexes (DTRs)?
Answer
DTRs assess the integrity and normal response of the reflex arc via specific tendon taps.
14
Question
What normal response is expected when assessing deep tendon reflexes?
Answer
A normal response is a moderate, brisk contraction of the muscle associated with the tapped tendon.
15
Question
What types of sensory functions are assessed in neurological examination?
Answer
Superficial sensation, discriminatory sensation, and deep sensation are evaluated.
16
Question
Why is it important to know the parts of the brain responsible for body functions during neurological assessment?
Answer
Understanding brain regions helps localize neurological deficits and interpret assessment findings.
17
Question
In head and neck assessment, what does HEENT stand for?
Answer
HEENT stands for Head, Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat.
18
Question
What does assessing cranial nerves involve?
Answer
Assessing cranial nerves involves testing each nerve's function and noting normal versus abnormal responses.
19
Question
Why is lymph node assessment part of head and neck evaluation?
Answer
Assessment of lymph nodes helps identify abnormal enlargement or tenderness suggestive of infection or disease.
20
Question
What are Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs)?
Answer
ADLs are basic self-care tasks, while IADLs are more complex activities necessary for independent living.
21
Question
What are Lawton & Katz assessments used for?
Answer
They are functional assessments used to evaluate a person's ability to perform ADLs and IADLs.
22
Question
What changes are evaluated in a mental status exam?
Answer
The exam looks for normal versus abnormal mental status, including cognitive and emotional changes.
23
Question
What are common age-related mental status changes?
Answer
Natural aging can involve mild cognitive decline that differs from pathological changes seen in dementia or delirium.
24
Question
How do dementia, delirium, and depression differ in mental status?
Answer
Dementia is a chronic cognitive decline, delirium is an acute confusion state, and depression involves mood disturbances affecting mental function.