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Science Guidelines Flashcards
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Science Guidelines Flashcards
Science Guidelines Flashcards
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1
Question
Decisions about the use of science are based on factors such as what?
Answer
Ethical standards, economics, and personal/societal needs.
2
Question
How can one analyze the advantages, disadvantages, or alternatives to a given decision or course of action?
Answer
Applying scientific principles and the theory of probability.
3
Question
What factors influence personal choices concerning fitness and health according to scientific principles?
Answer
Physiological and psychological effects and risks associated with substance use and abuse.
4
Question
What types of natural resources should teachers understand, according to the competencies?
Answer
Renewable and non-renewable resources, and the effects of human consumption on their renewal and depletion.
5
Question
What role can science play in helping resolve personal, societal, and global challenges?
Answer
Recycling, evaluating product claims, and alternative energy sources.
6
Question
Name some unifying concepts and processes common to all sciences.
Answer
Systems, order and organization, evidence, models and explanation, change, constancy and measurements, evolution and equilibrium, and form and function.
7
Question
How can one understand complex systems?
Answer
By analyzing interactions and interrelationships between systems and subsystems.
8
Question
How can properties and patterns of systems be described?
Answer
Space, time, energy, and matter.
9
Question
What is important in understanding a given system?
Answer
Understanding the complementary nature of form and function.
10
Question
What are the three types of scientific models?
Answer
Physical, conceptual, and mathematical.
11
Question
Name some examples of universal forces.
Answer
Gravitational, electrical, and magnetic forces.
12
Question
What concepts are used to describe changes in motion?
Answer
Displacement, speed, velocity, and acceleration.
13
Question
What is the vector nature of force?
Answer
Force has both magnitude and direction.
14
Question
State Newton's first law.
Answer
An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by a force.
15
Question
Define density.
Answer
Mass per unit volume.
16
Question
Give examples of physical properties of substances.
Answer
Density, boiling point, melting point, solubility, thermal and electrical conductivity, luster, malleability.
17
Question
Describe the relationship between molecular structure and physical properties in materials.
Answer
Molecular structure dictates the arrangement and interaction of molecules, influencing properties like strength, flexibility, and conductivity.
18
Question
Distinguish between physical and chemical changes.
Answer
Physical changes alter the form or appearance of a substance without changing its chemical composition, while chemical changes result in a new substance.
19
Question
What are the three components of an atom?
Answer
Protons, neutrons, and electrons.
20
Question
What are the differences between elements, compounds, and mixtures?
Answer
Elements are pure substances, compounds are two or more elements chemically bonded, and mixtures are two or more substances physically combined.
21
Question
What are the main types of chemical bonds?
Answer
Ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds.
22
Question
Give examples of chemical reactions in daily life.
Answer
Rusting, burning of fossil fuels, photosynthesis, cell respiration, chemical batteries, digestion of food.
23
Question
What are the formulas for work, power, and kinetic energy?
Answer
Work = Force x Distance, Power = Work / Time, Kinetic Energy = 1/2 x mass x velocity^2
24
Question
What is the difference between heat and temperature?
Answer
Heat is the transfer of thermal energy, while temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.
25
Question
What is refraction?
Answer
The bending of light as it passes from one medium to another.
26
Question
What is dispersion?
Answer
The separation of white light into its component colors.
27
Question
What are sources of electrical energy?
Answer
Fossil fuels, solar panels, hydroelectric plants.
28
Question
What are exothermic reactions?
Answer
Reactions that release heat.
29
Question
What are endothermic reactions?
Answer
Reactions that absorb heat.
30
Question
What is energy transfer in biological systems?
Answer
The transfer of energy in food webs and food energy pyramids.