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Out-of-Control Sexual Behaviors
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Out-of-Control Sexual Behaviors
Out-of-Control Sexual Behaviors
Study
1
Question
What is Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD)?
Answer
A diagnosis included in the upcoming eleventh edition of the International Classifications of Diseases (ICD-11) that refers to excessive, non-paraphilic out-of-control sexual behaviors.
2
Question
What diagnosis related to out-of-control sexual behaviors was proposed for the DSM-5?
Answer
The diagnosis of Hypersexual Disorder was proposed for inclusion in the DSM-5 but was ultimately not included.
3
Question
Why was Hypersexual Disorder excluded from the DSM-5?
Answer
Hypersexual Disorder was considered for inclusion in the DSM-5 but was ultimately excluded due to concerns about diagnostic accuracy, moral and cultural confounds, and skepticism from the psychiatric community.
4
Question
What were the key criteria for diagnosing Hypersexual Disorder?
Answer
The diagnosis of Hypersexual Disorder required repetitive and impairing sexual behaviors, urges, or fantasies that consumed excessive time, were in response to negative emotions or stress, were uncontrollable, and disregarded the well-being or safety of self or others.
5
Question
What does CSBD stand for?
Answer
Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder
6
Question
What is CSBD?
Answer
A persistent, repetitive engagement in sexual behaviors that results in impairment in one's life in addition to failed attempts to reduce or stop such behaviors.
7
Question
Where is CSBD recognized as a diagnosis?
Answer
ICD-11
8
Question
What facilitated the acceleration of research into out-of-control sexual behaviors in the late 1990s?
Answer
The advent of the internet and its subsequent uses for sexual purposes.
9
Question
What are some examples of online activities that were posited as potential expressions of out-of-control sexual behavior?
Answer
Cybersex, online activities such as chat rooms, digital infidelity, and internet pornography consumption.
10
Question
Is engaging in repetitive sexual activities a central focus of the person's life to the point of neglecting health and personal care or other interests, activities, and responsibilities?
Answer
Engaging in repetitive sexual activities becomes a central focus, neglecting health, personal care, or other interests.
11
Question
What features are typically associated with addiction that distinguish it from strong impulses or compulsions?
Answer
Addiction is typically associated with additional features caused by the substance or behavior, including tolerance and withdrawal.
12
Question
What is a challenge when diagnosing CSBD?
Answer
Drawing a clear distinction between addiction, impulsivity, and compulsivity, as these concepts overlap.
13
Question
What is moral incongruence in the context of pornography use?
Answer
Feelings that arise when one's actual pornography use behaviors are not in line with one's beliefs about pornography use (Grubbs & Perry, 2019; Grubbs, Perry, Wilt, & Reid, 2019).
14
Question
What is the primary aim of the systematic review described?
Answer
To examine the development of the CSB literature broadly evaluating the methodological rigor and clinical implications since Gold & Heffner's, 1998 review.
15
Question
What changed the course of research related to CSB?
Answer
The advent of the internet
16
Question
What are CSBs encountered in clinical practice most often related to?
Answer
Pornography use and concomitant masturbation (de Tubino Scanavino et al., 2013)
17
Question
What is 'cybersex' as defined in the 1990s and early 2000s literature?
Answer
A term used to describe various sexually focused online activities, such as sexual chats, games, or pornography.
18
Question
What do studies on 'general CSB' encompass?
Answer
Studies that examine CSB in general, potentially including compulsive pornography use, solicitation of sex workers, or other online sexual behaviors.
19
Question
What is the current state of epidemiological studies on CSB?
Answer
No epidemiological studies exist, and population-level studies are limited to Western countries and cultures.
20
Question
According to a sample, what percentage of men and women indicated at least some agreement with being addicted to pornography?
Answer
18.3% of men and 4.7% of women agreed with the statement "I believe I am addicted to pornography."
21
Question
Which groups were more likely to report concerns about controlling sexual behaviors?
Answer
Sexual and racial minorities.
22
Question
What factors were positively predictive of self-reported problems with pornography use and self-perceived addiction in the Polish and Hungarian studies?
Answer
Religiousness and moral incongruence.
23
Question
What methods are used to study Compulsive Sexual Behavior (CSB)?
Answer
Classical conditioning, Stroop tasks, dot-probe tasks, implicit association tests, and other laboratory-based experimental procedures.
24
Question
How common are self-perceived problems with CSB compared to other mental illnesses?
Answer
Self-perceived problems with CSB are at least as common as other major mental illnesses, according to studies in the U.S., Poland, and Australia.
25
Question
What factors might better explain problems associated with pornography use, according to research?
Answer
Problems associated with pornography use are often better accounted for by other variables, such as masturbation frequency.
26
Question
How do moral and religious beliefs influence self-perceptions of CSB?
Answer
Moral and religiously based beliefs about sexual behavior seem to be particularly related to self-perceptions of CSB for many people.
27
Question
How do religious beliefs influence the perception of sexual behaviors among social workers?
Answer
Religious social workers are more likely to view sexual behaviors as addictive or compulsive.
28
Question
Why is self-awareness of personal beliefs important for therapists when treating clients with CSB?
Answer
Therapists need to be self-aware of how personal beliefs and values might influence their conceptualizations of clients.
29
Question
What is the current consensus on whether CSB is an addictive disorder?
Answer
There is a lack of evidence to conclude that CSB is an addictive disorder.
30
Question
How can therapist biases related to client identity impact the assessment and treatment of excessive sexual behaviors?
Answer
Therapists might allow other aspects of client identity to shape their assessment and treatment of clients presenting with excessive sexual behaviors, such as viewing sexual behaviors as more pathological in heterosexual individuals than in gay or lesbian individuals.