/
Medieval and Industrial Revolution History
Save to my account
Sign up
Medieval and Industrial Revolution History
Medieval and Industrial Revolution History
Study
1
Question
Who were the San people in Southern Africa 1000 years ago?
Answer
Hunter-gatherers who gathered wild fruits and hunted game.
2
Question
Who were the Khoikhoi people in Southern Africa 1000 years ago?
Answer
Pastoralists who herded cattle and goats, also gathering wild fruits and tubers.
3
Question
What were the social structures among the San and Khoikhoi like?
Answer
Largely egalitarian, with collective decision-making and guidance from elders.
4
Question
What type of evidence do historians use to understand life in Southern Africa 1000 years ago, given the lack of written records?
Answer
Archaeological evidence.
5
Question
What did the Bantu migrants introduce to Southern Africa?
Answer
New agricultural practices, ironworking technology, and social structures.
6
Question
Where did most people in medieval Europe live?
Answer
Farms and small villages.
7
Question
What was the primary means of exchange in early medieval society?
Answer
Barter, swapping goods and services directly without money.
8
Question
What was the condition of roads in medieval Europe?
Answer
Dirt paths, with old Roman roads being the exception.
9
Question
What did the Church provide in medieval Europe?
Answer
Spiritual guidance, education, and social services.
10
Question
What was the average life expectancy in medieval Europe?
Answer
Between 30 and 40 years, heavily influenced by high infant mortality.
11
Question
What was the understanding of hygiene in medieval Europe?
Answer
Rudimentary at best, with infrequent bathing and basic sanitation practices, contributing to the spread of diseases.
12
Question
How did the living conditions differ between aristocrats and peasants in medieval Europe?
Answer
Aristocrats lived in fortified castles or large manors, while peasants lived in small, simple houses.
13
Question
What power did the lord of the manor wield?
Answer
Distributing land to followers in exchange for crops and labor.
14
Question
What were the two types of peasants in medieval Europe?
Answer
Either free or villein, subject to a lord in return for land and services.
15
Question
In traditional economic systems, what was a common characteristic compared to modern societies?
Answer
They were rigid and slow-moving.
16
Question
Give an example of a technical advance during the Middle Ages that increased efficiency on farms.
Answer
Crop rotation, cultivation of beans, stirrups on saddles, and the four-wheel wagon.
17
Question
Why were technical advances accepted slowly in the Middle Ages?
Answer
Novelty ran counter to the traditional knowledge of the day, and religious and cultural beliefs trumped economic change.
18
Question
What was the material standard of living like in pre-industrial societies?
Answer
It was very low compared to modern standards, with limited access to things like books, education, and transport.
19
Question
What could a bad harvest or calamity result in, in pre-industrial societies?
Answer
Starvation and death, especially due to the limited ability to store food.
20
Question
What was the primary determinant of social status in the Middle Ages?
Answer
Birth. Aristocrats remained aristocrats, and peasants remained peasants, mostly.
21
Question
What were some ways a man could move upwards in social status during the Middle Ages?
Answer
Prowess in war, marrying an heiress, or becoming a member of the clergy and gaining public office.
22
Question
How did a woman's social status change upon marriage?
Answer
A woman took the social status of her husband, and could either gain or lose as a result.
23
Question
What system is responsible for the improvement in the standard of material well-being over past generations?
Answer
Capitalism and the market system.
24
Question
When and where did the Industrial Revolution start?
Answer
Late 18th century in England.
25
Question
What source of energy revolutionized England in the late 18th century?
Answer
Steam power.
26
Question
What did the Enclosure Acts allow for?
Answer
Privatization and consolidation of common lands.
27
Question
How do movies often misrepresent historical economic realities?
Answer
Movies often romanticize the economic conditions, while reality was typically poorer and more mundane.
28
Question
How did the Industrial Revolution alter the social structure of England?
Answer
It pulled the population from rural areas to urban centers.
29
Question
What was a significant consequence of land enclosure during the Industrial Revolution?
Answer
Many smallholders and rural laborers lost access to land, leading to a landless population seeking work elsewhere.
30
Question
How did the Industrial Revolution impact social hierarchies?
Answer
It led to the emergence of a distinct working class and a growing middle class (Bourgeoisie), shifting wealth concentration from landowners to industrialists.