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Environmental Studies Overview
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Environmental Studies Overview
Environmental Studies Overview
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1
Question
What are the physical elements of the environment?
Answer
Space, landforms, water bodies, climate, soils, rocks and minerals
2
Question
What constitutes the biosphere?
Answer
Plants, animals, microorganisms, and human beings
3
Question
What are the cultural elements of the environment?
Answer
Economic, social, and political elements
4
Question
What does Environmental Studies enlighten us about?
Answer
Protection and conservation of our environment
5
Question
What kind of landscapes do we live in?
Answer
Villages, towns, or cities heavily modified by human beings
6
Question
What natural resources are used up by industrial development and intensive agriculture?
Answer
Water, minerals, petroleum products, wood, etc.
7
Question
Give some examples of non-renewable resources
Answer
Minerals and oil
8
Question
Give some examples of renewable resources
Answer
Timber and water
9
Question
What is Sustainable Development?
Answer
Meeting human needs while sustaining natural systems
10
Question
What are the scopes of environmental studies?
Answer
Developing awareness, motivating participation, developing skills, and instilling conservation
11
Question
What factors have exerted pressure on natural resources and led to environmental degradation?
Answer
Increasing population, urbanization, and poverty.
12
Question
What has the Supreme Court ordered to prevent further environmental degradation?
Answer
Environmental protection awareness through government and non-government agencies.
13
Question
Why is public participation important in environmental protection?
Answer
Environmental pollution cannot be prevented by laws alone; public participation is equally important.
14
Question
What is Environmental Education (EE)?
Answer
A process of learning that gives an overall perspective of knowledge and awareness of the environment. It sensitizes society about environmental issues, challenges individuals to develop skills, and provides appropriate solutions.
15
Question
Name some serious threats to ecosystems mentioned in the text.
Answer
Climate change, loss of biodiversity, declining fisheries, ozone layer depletion, illegal trade of endangered species, destruction of habitats, land degradation, depleting ground water supplies, introduction of alien species, environmental pollution, solid waste disposal, storm water and sewage disposal.
16
Question
What is the impact of industrial activity on the environment?
Answer
The tremendous increase in industrial activity during the last few decades and the release of toxic industrial wastes into the environment have been of considerable concern in recent years regarding environmental pollution.
17
Question
Name some incidents and issues that have forced mankind to reconsider the impact of industries on nature.
Answer
Minamata disease, Itai-Itai disease, Bhopal gas tragedy, London smog, El-Nino, Global warming, Ozone depletion, Chernobyl, Fukushima.
18
Question
What is the significance of June 5th?
Answer
United Nations General Assembly in 1972 established June 5th as World Environment Day to stimulate awareness of the environment and to enhance political attention and public action.
19
Question
What is the origin of the word 'pollution'?
Answer
The term pollution was derived from the Latin word 'pollotioneum' which means to make dirty.
20
Question
What is a pollutant?
Answer
A substance present in a higher proportion than its natural abundance, causing harmful effects.
21
Question
Give examples of air pollutants.
Answer
Carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone, and nitrogen oxide.
22
Question
What is a contaminant?
Answer
A substance not naturally present in the environment, but released by chemical reactions, leading to pollution.
23
Question
Give examples of contaminants.
Answer
Oil spills and methyl isocyanate (MIC).
24
Question
Name the main layers of the atmosphere.
Answer
Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere.
25
Question
What are some pollutants found in the troposphere?
Answer
Poisonous gases, fumes, and smog.
26
Question
What are some examples of pollution in the troposphere?
Answer
Photochemical smog, acid rain, global warming, and the greenhouse effect.
27
Question
What is the function of the ozone layer in the stratosphere?
Answer
Protects the Earth from harmful ultraviolet rays.
28
Question
What are primary pollutants?
Answer
Emitted directly from a source and retain their chemical form.
29
Question
Give examples of primary pollutants.
Answer
Carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and suspended particulate matter (SPM).
30
Question
What are secondary pollutants?
Answer
Formed by the interaction of primary pollutants.