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Blood Brain Barrier and Stroke Overview
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Blood Brain Barrier and Stroke Overview
Blood Brain Barrier and Stroke Overview
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1
Question
What is the blood-brain barrier?
Answer
Protective mechanism that helps maintain a stable environment for the brain
2
Question
What nutrients does the blood brain barrier selectively allow to pass through freely?
Answer
Glucose, essential amino acids
3
Question
What is the blood-brain barrier ineffective to, allowing the substances to diffuse through the plasma membrane?
Answer
Oxygen, CO2, fat-soluble substances
4
Question
What areas are absentare not apart of the blood-brain barrier? And what do these areas allow?
Answer
Vomiting Center hypothalamus allowing these areas to monitor chemical composition of blood
5
Question
What allows the ability of chemicals to pass through the blood-brain barrier?
Answer
Stress increasing
6
Question
How much does the brain weigh?
Answer
Only weighs 2 of the average adult's body weight
7
Question
How much of the cardiac output will the brain recieve?
Answer
15 of a person's total cardiac output
8
Question
How much glucose does the brains blood supply use?
Answer
Uses 25 of total body glucose
9
Question
How much oxygen does the brain's blood supply consume?
Answer
Consumes almost 20 of the available oxygen within the entire body
10
Question
Is there a carotid arterial system on both sides of the body, and on each side what does it divided into?
Answer
Yes divides in the internal and external carotid arteries
11
Question
What does the internal carotids supply blood to?
Answer
Supplies blood to the brain
12
Question
What does the internal carotids further subdivide into?
Answer
Anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery
13
Question
What do the vertebrobasilar artery system include?
Answer
basilar and vertebral arteries
14
Question
What does the basilar artery give rise to?
Answer
posterior cerebral artery
15
Question
What do the 2 vertebral arteries also give rise to?
Answer
Anterior Spinal Artery
16
Question
Function of the posterior cerebral arteries?
Answer
supplies medial and inferior surfaces of the occipital and temporal lobes
17
Question
Function of the posterior communicating arteries?
Answer
Provide an alternative route to the brain blood supply in case there is a blockage of the internal carotid or vertebral arteries
18
Question
Function of the posterior cerebellar arteries?
Answer
supplies cerebellar peduncles
19
Question
What can damage of the posterior cerebellar arteries cause?
Answer
Damage can result in ipsilateral hypertonicity and hyperactive reflexes, vertigo, nausea, nystagmus, and diplopia
20
Question
Function of the middle cerebral arteries?
Answer
supplies most of the lateral cortex and outer brain surface, internal capsules superior branch supplies the orbitofrontal and prefrontal cortez, and the inferior branch supplies most of the temporal region
21
Question
What is the largest cerebral artery?
Answer
middle cerebral artery
22
Question
Function of the anterior cerebral arteries?
Answer
Supplies medial surface of the frontal and parietal cortex
23
Question
Function of the anterior communicating arteries?
Answer
connects the anterior cerebral arteries within the circle of Willis--supplying blood to the frontal and parietal lobes of the brain
24
Question
Damage of the anterior and superior cerebellar artery causes?
Answer
Damage can result in...
25
Question
Damage of the anterior cerebral artery causes?
Answer
Damage can result in confusion, foot drop, loss of coordination, impaired sensory functions, paralysis of contralateral leg, and personality changes
26
Question
Damage of the middle cerebral artery causes?
Answer
Damage can result in aphasia, alexia, agraphia, visual fields cuts, contralateral hemiparesis, altered consciousness
27
Question
Damage of the posterior cerebral artery causes?
Answer
Damage can result in visual field cuts, sensory impairment, alexia, cortical blindness, coma, 'locked in' syndrome, and environment agnosia
28
Question
cerebrovascular accident CVA
Answer
AKA Stroke disturbance in the blood supply to the brain, lasting only seconds, can cause neurological symptoms and irreversible neuronal brain damaged, in minutes
29
Question
How does a CVA occur?
Answer
Occurs when there is a lack of blood flow to any area of the brain including the brain stem
30
Question
What is the 5th most common cause of death in the U.S.?
Answer
CVA's