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Foundations of Hip Hop - Scholarly Flashcards.csv
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Foundations of Hip Hop - Scholarly Flashcards.csv
Mus17 Midterm Review
Study
1
Question
What is the role of graffiti in early hip-hop culture?
Answer
Graffiti served as a form of artistic expression and a means of marking territory becoming an integral part of hip-hop aesthetics.
2
Question
What was the impact of sampling on the evolution of hip-hop music?
Answer
Sampling allowed artists to incorporate existing music into their work creating new sounds and expressions while also raising legal issues.
3
Question
How did breakdancing contribute to the hip-hop movement?
Answer
Breakdancing provided a physical expression of hip-hop culture and offered a competitive outlet for dancers in the community.
4
Question
What role did community centers and block parties play in the early hip-hop scene?
Answer
They provided safe spaces for youth to gather express themselves creatively and participate in the burgeoning hip-hop culture.
5
Question
What was the relationship between hip-hop and socio-political issues in the late 20th century?
Answer
Hip-hop often addressed issues such as poverty racism and police brutality making it a voice for marginalized communities.
6
Question
What was the significance of the 'breakbeat' in hip-hop music?
Answer
The breakbeat allowed DJ's to extend the percussion section of songs making it easier for dancers to showcase their skills.
7
Question
What was the Jamaican term for radio DJs speaking over music?
Answer
Talkover
8
Question
Who were some of the most influential early hip-hop DJs?
Answer
DJ Kool Herc Grandmaster Flash Grandwizard Theodore.
9
Question
What are key predecessors to hip-hop?
Answer
Disco Reggae Funk
10
Question
What instruments or elements are commonly found in hip-hop production?
Answer
Drum machines turntables synthesizers and sampling from various music genres.
11
Question
What cultural movements or groups influenced the emergence of hip-hop in the 1970s?
Answer
The Black Arts Movement Civil Rights Movement and the rise of African American identity and expression.
12
Question
What technique did DJ Kool Herc pioneer?
Answer
Using two copies of the same record to extend the break.
13
Question
What was Kool Herc's contribution to hip-hop?
Answer
Kool Herc is known as one of the pioneers of hip-hop DJing credited with creating the 'breakbeat' and hosting block parties.
14
Question
What are some of the primary themes found in early hip-hop lyrics?
Answer
Social justice resilience community and personal experiences relating to race and class.
15
Question
What were major oral traditions that influenced hip-hop?
Answer
The Dozens Toasts Signifying
16
Question
What was the primary influence behind the earliest hip-hop parties?
Answer
Jamaican sound system culture.
17
Question
How did funk influence hip-hop?
Answer
James Brown's groove-based rhythm was widely sampled.
18
Question
How did the decline of graffiti and breakdancing affect hip-hop by the mid-1980s?
Answer
The decline marked a shift toward commercial viability of hip-hop music focusing more on recording and less on street culture.
19
Question
What does Tricia Rose say about rhythm in African diasporic music?
Answer
Tricia Rose states that polyrhythmic layering is to African music what harmony is to Western classical music highlighting the importance and complexity of rhythm in the African diasporic musical tradition.
20
Question
Who were some influential early emcee performers in hip-hop?
Answer
Grandmaster Flash Afrika Bambaataa and Doug E. Fresh.
21
Question
What major changes occurred as hip-hop entered the mainstream music business?
Answer
Songs became shorter hooks and melodies became common and sampling became widespread.
22
Question
What role did the 808 drum machine play in hip-hop?
Answer
The 808 drum machine became one of the most widely used drum machines in hip-hop music due to its deep resonant bass sounds and ability to create rhythmic patterns that are integral to the genre.
23
Question
Who was responsible for mass relocations in the Bronx?
Answer
Robert Moses
24
Question
What social and economic factors contributed to the birth of hip-hop in the South Bronx?
Answer
White flight to the suburbs Mass relocations due to highway construction The influx of heroin during the Vietnam War.
25
Question
What technological advancements facilitated the rise of hip-hop music?
Answer
The development of affordable turntables and mixers along with the introduction of drum machines and sampling technologies.
26
Question
Which of the following was foundational for hip-hop from Jamaican music?
Answer
The creative reuse of recordings
27
Question
What are key features of dub production?
Answer
Echo and reverb Heavy bass Cutting and dropping elements dynamically
28
Question
What was the significance of block parties in the context of hip-hop culture?
Answer
Block parties served as social gatherings that brought the community together where DJs would play music and MCs would perform.
29
Question
What was UTFO’s 'Roxanne Roxanne' known for?
Answer
UTFO’s 'Roxanne Roxanne' is known for being one of the first pop-rap crossover hits bridging the gap between hip-hop and mainstream pop music and contributing to the overall popularity of rap.
30
Question
What is the term for a DJ's technique of blending and continuously looping the 'break' in a track?
Answer
Breakbeat