/
Scientific Management and IO Psychology
Save to my account
Sign up
Scientific Management and IO Psychology
UNIT 2 - IO
Study
1
Question
What book did Frederick Winslow Taylor publish in 1909 that explained management's role in motivating workers?
Answer
Taylor published 'Shop Management' in 1909.
2
Question
What is 'natural soldiering' as described by Taylor?
Answer
'Natural soldiering' is the tendency of workers to take it easy or avoid exerting effort in their work.
3
Question
What is the main objective of management according to Taylor in his book 'Scientific Management'?
Answer
The main objective of management, as per Taylor, is to secure the maximum prosperity for the employer along with the maximum prosperity for each employee.
4
Question
What year was 'Scientific Management' published?
Answer
'Scientific Management' was published in 1947.
5
Question
List the first basic tenet of Taylor's theory of Scientific Management.
Answer
1. Physical work can be scientifically studied to determine the optimal method of performing a job.
6
Question
What does the second tenet of Taylor's theory state?
Answer
2. Workers can be made more efficient by prescribing how to do their jobs.
7
Question
What is the third tenet of Taylor's theory regarding worker efficiency?
Answer
3. Workers will be willing to adhere to these prescriptions if paid appropriately.
8
Question
According to Taylor, what primary factor motivates people in the workplace?
Answer
Taylor argued that people are primarily motivated by economic rewards, particularly money.
9
Question
How does Taylor suggest workers will respond to management's direction?
Answer
Taylor suggests that workers will take direction if it offers them the opportunity to improve their economic positions.
10
Question
What criticism is often directed at Taylor's work?
Answer
Many criticize Taylor's work for dehumanizing the workplace and promoting the idea of an 'economic man', who is motivated solely by financial gains.
11
Question
Define the term 'economic man' in the context of Taylor's theory.
Answer
The 'economic man' is a concept where an individual is seen as primarily motivated by monetary rewards, working mainly for financial gain.
12
Question
What are some negative implications of the concept of 'economic man' in workplace theory?
Answer
The concept of 'economic man' can lead to a reduction of worker identity to mere economic transactions, neglecting psychological, social, and emotional factors that also drive human behavior.
13
Question
What unethical practice was associated with the exploitation of workers in the context of industrial psychology?
Answer
The inhumane exploitation of workers for higher wages, leading to concerns over rising unemployment due to fewer workers being needed.
14
Question
Why was the topic of employment sensitive during the time discussed?
Answer
Unemployment rates were already high, making discussions about worker exploitation and job reduction particularly controversial and sensitive.
15
Question
What major contribution did Hugo Munsterberg make in the field of psychology?
Answer
Hugo Munsterberg is considered the 'father of industrial psychology' and pioneered the application of psychological findings from laboratory experiments to practical workplace matters.
16
Question
What is the title of Hugo Munsterberg's influential book published in 1913?
Answer
The title of his book is 'Psychology and Industrial Efficiency'.
17
Question
What topics did Munsterberg address in 'Psychology and Industrial Efficiency'?
Answer
He addressed issues of personnel selection, equipment design, and the application of psychology in sales.
18
Question
How did Munsterberg's approach to industrial-organizational (IO) psychology influence its development?
Answer
His early work on IO psychology assumed that people need to fit organizations, primarily focusing on helping organizations shape people to serve as replacement parts.
19
Question
What time period saw the influence of Munsterberg's work on industrial psychology?
Answer
Munsterberg's contributions remained influential well into the 1950s.
20
Question
What does IO psychology stand for?
Answer
IO psychology stands for industrial-organizational psychology, a field that studies human behavior in workplace settings.
21
Question
What concept does Munsterberg's work emphasize regarding individuals and organizations?
Answer
It emphasizes the idea that individuals need to adapt to fit into organizations, often leading to a focus on modifying individual behaviors to align with organizational needs.
22
Question
What is the significance of Munsterberg's research in modern psychology?
Answer
His research laid the groundwork for understanding the scientific study and development of the workplace, integrating psychological principles into organizational practices.
23
Question
Who is Hugo Munsterberg?
Answer
Hugo Munsterberg was a psychologist who released the influential book 'Psychology and Industrial Efficiency' in 1913, which laid the foundation for Industrial-Organizational (IO) psychology.
24
Question
What was the main goal of Munsterberg's work in IO psychology?
Answer
Munsterberg aimed to help organizations shape workers to improve workplace productivity and to find 'the best possible man' to produce the best possible work.
25
Question
What was the significant impact of World War I on IO psychology?
Answer
World War I acted as a catalyst for the advancement of IO psychology, influencing its development and implementation in various organizational settings.
26
Question
How did Munsterberg describe the purpose of his work in IO psychology?
Answer
Munsterberg sought to create a 'new science' that lies between laboratory psychology and economic problems, focusing on practical applications of psychological principles in organizations.
27
Question
What is the title of Munsterberg's book released in 1913?
Answer
The title of Munsterberg's influential book is 'Psychology and Industrial Efficiency'.
28
Question
In what years did Munsterberg publish the majority of his works?
Answer
Munsterberg published around 20 books largely focusing on applied psychology between the years 1906 and 1916.
29
Question
What type of psychology did Munsterberg contribute to?
Answer
Munsterberg contributed to Industrial-Organizational psychology, which focuses on the application of psychological principles to the workplace.
30
Question
What are the two main areas that Munsterberg sought to connect in his work?
Answer
Munsterberg aimed to connect modern laboratory psychology with the problems of economics in the context of workplace efficiency.