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Microbial Immunity and Control
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Microbial Immunity and Control
Microbial Immunity and Control
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1
Question
What is artificially acquired passive immunity?
Answer
. Provides immediate but short-lived protection.
2
Question
How is sterilisation defined?
Answer
A process that eliminates, removes, kills, or deactivates all living microorganisms.
3
Question
Which microbial control method does not kill or inhibit microbes but removes them physically?
Answer
Filtration.
4
Question
What is a blanket from a child with chickenpox likely to be contaminated with?
Answer
Varicella-zoster virus. It is referred to as a fomite.
5
Question
Which microorganisms reduce carbon dioxide (CO₂) to organic matter using energy from sunlight?
Answer
Photoautotrophs.
6
Question
Which type of pathogen causes diseases such as tuberculosis and cholera?
Answer
Bacteria.
7
Question
Which antibody classes are found in tears?
Answer
IgA.
8
Question
What type of transmission of infectious agents occurred when a farmer's family became ill after drinking water from a well used for cattle pasturing?
Answer
Vehicle Transmission.
9
Question
What are antibodies?
Answer
Globular proteins produced by B cells.
10
Question
What does food intoxication refer to?
Answer
Foodborne illness caused by the presence of a bacterial toxin formed in food.
11
Question
What are oligotrophic microbes?
Answer
Microbes that can grow with low concentration of nutrients.
12
Question
What are the functions of the bacterial cell membrane?
Answer
It is a selectively permeable barrier, is involved in respiration and chemotaxis.
13
Question
Which group of microbes is most likely to grow on cured ham stored in the fridge?
Answer
Psychrophilic, osmophilic microbes.
14
Question
What does the viral lytic cycle involve?
Answer
The virus attaches to the cell surface, injects its nuclear material into the cell, and redirects the host to manufacture viral components.
15
Question
What are the primary functions of bacterial flagella?
Answer
Movement and chemotaxis.
16
Question
What is bacterial generation time?
Answer
The time required for a bacterium to divide.
17
Question
What differentiates Gram-positive from Gram-negative microbes?
Answer
Cell wall structure.
18
Question
What is true about bacterial spores?
Answer
Bacterial spores are a mechanism of survival, while fungal spores are used for reproduction.
19
Question
What characterizes bacterial spore structure?
Answer
Has an outer exosporium encasing a layered structure protecting metabolically inactive cell structures.
20
Question
What is true when comparing Archaea to Fungi?
Answer
Fungi have mitochondria and produce spores, while Archaea have neither, but both lack peptidoglycan.
21
Question
What can happen during the lysogenic phase of a virus?
Answer
It can undergo induction and start the lytic cycle.
22
Question
What is the correct statement regarding bacterial cell walls?
Answer
Contains peptidoglycan and is the site of action of penicillin.
23
Question
What are the main functions of bacterial plasmids?
Answer
Can protect the cell against antibiotics and control aspects of bacterial metabolism.
24
Question
Which group of microorganisms is most likely to grow in jam stored at room temperature?
Answer
Yeasts.
25
Question
How is a virus cultivated in the laboratory?
Answer
Using an unfertilized chicken egg.
26
Question
What do barotolerant organisms do?
Answer
Can grow at high pressure but also without it.
27
Question
What does plasmogamy in fungal sexual reproduction involve?
Answer
The coming together of gametangia.
28
Question
What term refers to a bacterium having one flagellum at each end?
Answer
Amphitrichous.
29
Question
If a bacterium is growing in log phase with a generation time of 15 minutes starting with 100 cells, how many cells will there be in 2 hours?
Answer
51,200.
30
Question
What are the conditions for autoclaving media and equipment?
Answer
Moist heat at 121°C, 15 minutes, at 15 lb pressure.