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Nervous System and Hormones
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Nervous System and Hormones
Nervous System and Hormones
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1
Question
What portion of the nervous system carries commands to skeletal muscle tissue?
Answer
Somatic nervous system.
2
Question
What is the term for the portion of the CNS that is located at the periphery?
Answer
Ganglion.
3
Question
Which organs are affected by the parasympathetic nervous system except?
Answer
Adrenal glands.
4
Question
What follows the action potential in the preganglionic fibers of the ANS?
Answer
A prolonged positive after potential.
5
Question
What follows the action potential in the postganglionic fibers of the ANS?
Answer
A prolonged negative after potential.
6
Question
What is acetylcholine split into by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase?
Answer
Acetate ion and choline.
7
Question
What mediator is released from the endings of the postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers?
Answer
Norepinephrine.
8
Question
What mediator is released from the endings of the postganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers?
Answer
Acetylcholine.
9
Question
Which transmitter is synthesized in the terminations of parasympathetic nerves, sympathetic vasodilators, and sympathetic nerves of sweat glands?
Answer
Acetylcholine.
10
Question
What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the gastrointestinal tract?
Answer
It inhibits the secretory function.
11
Question
Where are the centers of the sympathetic nervous system located within the spinal cord?
Answer
In the thoracic and lumbar segments.
12
Question
Where are the centers of the parasympathetic nervous system located?
Answer
In the midbrain, medulla oblongata, and in the sacral segments of the spinal cord.
13
Question
What is the complex of microganglionar structures located in the walls of internal organs called?
Answer
The metasympathetic nervous system.
14
Question
How many neurons generally comprise the effector pathway of the autonomic nervous system?
Answer
Two neurons.
15
Question
Into what categories are the ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system divided?
Answer
Paravertebral and prevertebral.
16
Question
What are the cells of the vegetative nervous system that receive information by traditional means and respond to it by endocrine means called?
Answer
Transducers.
17
Question
What type of receptors do all postganglionic neurons contain?
Answer
Nicotinic receptors.
18
Question
What substance do all preganglionic autonomic neurons secrete?
Answer
Acetylcholine.
19
Question
Where are nicotinic receptors of the PNS found?
Answer
In the ganglia and in the membrane of skeletal muscle fibers.
20
Question
What comprises each sympathetic pathway?
Answer
Two fibers, a preganglionic neuron and a postganglionic neuron.
21
Question
How do the neurons of the vegetative nervous system differ from those of the central nervous system?
Answer
They have a bigger duration of the excitation of the postsynaptic potential.
22
Question
What effects do parasympathetic nerves have in comparison to sympathetic nerves on the motor activity of the stomach?
Answer
They have opposite effects.
23
Question
What is the main subcortical center that integrates the visceral process?
Answer
Hypothalamus.
24
Question
Which organ is not an effector of the autonomic nervous system?
Answer
Medulla oblongata.
25
Question
What is the region of the hypothalamus that contains the primary capillaries of the hypothalamic-pituitary portal system?
Answer
Median eminence.
26
Question
How do releasing hormones produced in the hypothalamus reach the pituitary gland?
Answer
They pass down nerve axons.
27
Question
What are the main physiological effects of LH in females?
Answer
Stimulating ovulation.
28
Question
What are the main physiological effects of LH in males?
Answer
Promoting secretion of androgens.
29
Question
What do the insulin-like effects of GH include?
Answer
Increased protein synthesis in muscle.
30
Question
What type of biological molecules are almost all hormonal receptors?
Answer
Proteins.