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Communication and Leadership Concepts
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Communication and Leadership Concepts
Communication and Leadership Concepts
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1
Question
What are the four communication functions?
Answer
1. Control: Authority and hierarchy to follow; informal communication controls behavior. 2. Motivation: What is to be done, how well they’re doing, what can be done to improve performance. 3. Emotional Expression: Provides a release for emotional expression of feelings; fulfills social needs. 4. Information: Provides information by transmitting data to identify and evaluate choices; facilitates decision making.
2
Question
What is the communication process?
Answer
Sender -> Message -> Receiver.
3
Question
What are the three directions of communication?
Answer
1. Downward Communication: Flows from one level to a lower level (e.g., managers to workers). 2. Upward Communication: Flows to a higher level in a group (e.g., workers to manager). 3. Lateral Communication: Occurs among members of the same groups at the same level (e.g., managers, workers).
4
Question
What are the forms of communication?
Answer
1. Interpersonal Communication: a. Oral Communication (speech, meeting, telephone, video conference). b. Written Communication (letters, e-mail, social media, power point). c. Non-Verbal Communication (body language, facial expressions, intonations). 2. Electronic Communication. 3. Organizational Communication.
5
Question
What is the Grapevine?
Answer
The Grapevine is an informal communication network in a group or organization, formed based on social relationships rather than job descriptions.
6
Question
What are barriers to effective communication?
Answer
1. Filtering 2. Selective Perception 3. Information Overload 4. Communication Apprehension 5. Cultural Barriers caused by semantics, word connotations, tone differences.
7
Question
Define Leadership as per the text.
Answer
Leadership is the ability to influence a group toward the achievement of a vision or set of goals.
8
Question
What are the characteristics of Authentic Leadership?
Answer
Leaders who know who they are, what they believe in value, and act on those values and beliefs openly. They are considered to be ethical people, with traits like self-awareness, balanced processing, relational transparency, and an internalized moral perspective.
9
Question
What are Trait Theories of Leadership?
Answer
Trait Theories consider personal qualities and characteristics that differentiate leaders from non-leaders. Good leaders are often extraverted, conscientious, open, and emotionally intelligent.
10
Question
What do Behavioral Theories of Leadership imply?
Answer
Behavioral Theories imply that people can be trained to be leaders.
11
Question
What is Initiating Structure in leadership?
Answer
Initiating Structure emphasizes interpersonal relationships by taking a personal interest in the needs of employees and accepting individual differences among them.
12
Question
What is Consideration in leadership?
Answer
Consideration emphasizes the technical or task aspects of the job, focusing on accomplishing the group's tasks.
13
Question
What are the types of leaders according to the University of Michigan study?
Answer
1. Production Oriented Leader: Defines and structures his role and those of employees in the search for goal attainment. 2. Employee Oriented Leader: Job relationships characterized by mutual trust, respect for employees' ideas, and regard for their feelings.
14
Question
What does the Fielder Model state?
Answer
Effective group performance depends on the match between the leader's style and the degree to which the situation gives the leader control.
15
Question
What is Situational Leadership Theory?
Answer
Situational Leadership Theory focuses on followers' readiness.
16
Question
What is the Path-Goal Theory?
Answer
The Path-Goal Theory states that it's the leader's job to assist followers in attaining their goals and to provide the necessary direction and/or support to ensure that their goals are compatible with the objectives of the group or organization.
17
Question
What is the Leader Participation Model?
Answer
The Leader Participation Model provides a set of rules to determine the form and amount of participative decision-making in different situations.
18
Question
What is the LMX Theory?
Answer
Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory posits that leaders create in-group and out-group subordinates.
19
Question
What are the characteristics of Charismatic Leaders?
Answer
1. Vision and articulation 2. Personal risk 3. Sensitivity to followers' needs 4. Unconventional behavior.
20
Question
What is Transactional Leadership?
Answer
Transactional Leadership guides their followers toward established goals by clarifying roles and task requirements, including contingent reward and management by exception.
21
Question
What is Transformational Leadership?
Answer
Transformational Leadership inspires followers to transcend their self-interest for the good of the organization, characterized by idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individual consideration.
22
Question
What are the challenges to understanding leadership?
Answer
1. Leadership as an attribution 2. Substitutes and neutralizers of leadership 3. Online leadership 4. Selecting leaders 5. Training leaders.
23
Question
What are the key elements to create an effective leader?
Answer
1. Communication 2. Adaptability 3. Relationship Building 4. Developing Others 5. Developing Themselves.
24
Question
Define Power in the organizational context.
Answer
Power is a capacity that A has to influence the behavior of B, so B acts in accordance with A's wishes. B should depend on A.
25
Question
What are the sources of power?
Answer
1. Formal Power: a. Coercive Power (depend on fear) b. Reward Power (depend on reward) c. Legitimate Power (depend on position of authority) 2. Personal Power: d. Expert Power (depend on expertise) e. Referent Power (depend on admiration).
26
Question
What are the power tactics?
Answer
1. Legitimacy: Rely on authority position. 2. Rational Persuasion: Present logical arguments. 3. Inspirational Appeals: Inspire through values, needs, hopes, and inspiration. 4. Consultation: Involve the target in how you will accomplish the plan. 5. Exchange: Give reward in exchange for following a request. 6. Personal Appeals: Asking for compliance based on friendship and loyalty. 7. Ingratiation: Use flattery, praise, or friendly behavior. 8. Pressure: Use warnings or threats. 9. Coalitions: Enlist the aid or support of others.
27
Question
What is organizational politics?
Answer
Activities that are not required as part of one's formal role in the organization, but that influence the distribution of advantages within the organization. Must be ethical - legitimate forming coalitions; illegitimate - sabotage.
28
Question
What are factors that influence political behavior?
Answer
1. Individual factors: a. High self-monitors b. Internal locus of control c. High Mach personality d. Organizational investment e. Perceived job alternatives f. Expectation of success 2. Organizational factors: a. Reallocation of resources b. Promotion opportunities c. Low trust d. Role ambiguity e. Democratic decision making.
29
Question
How do employees respond to organizational politics?
Answer
1. Decrease in job satisfaction 2. Increase in anxiety and stress 3. Increase in turnover 4. Reduced performance.
30
Question
What is conflict?
Answer
Conflict is a process that begins when one party perceives that another party has negatively affected, or is about to negatively affect, something that the first party cares about.