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Globalization I Final Flashcards
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Globalization I Final Flashcards
Globalization I Final Flashcards
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1
Question
Who was Confucius and when did he live?
Answer
Confucius lived in the 5th century BCE.
2
Question
What are the main teachings of Confucianism?
Answer
Confucianism emphasizes poetry, rituals, historical traditions, social harmony, and ethics.
3
Question
Is Confucianism considered a religion?
Answer
No, Confucianism is not considered a religion; it is a philosophy and a system of ethics.
4
Question
What are the key virtues of Confucianism?
Answer
The key virtues of Confucianism include Ren (humanness, goodness, or benevolence), Li (proper behavior, propriety, and ritual), and Xiao (respect for parents and elder relatives, filial piety).
5
Question
What is the concept of 'Mandate of Heaven'?
Answer
The Mandate of Heaven is a principle that the emperor's right to rule is conditional and dependent on maintaining economic and social harmony.
6
Question
What are the five Confucian virtues?
Answer
1. Benevolence 2. Righteousness 3. Propriety 4. Wisdom 5. Trustworthiness.
7
Question
How did Confucianism influence the imperial institutions in China?
Answer
Confucianism was used by imperial institutions to legitimize themselves and guided Chinese social life and politics.
8
Question
What role did the Confucian Exam play in Chinese society?
Answer
The Confucian Exam was a merit-based system that allowed individuals to take exams to become bureaucrats, encouraging social mobility but discouraging innovation.
9
Question
What was the social structure in Confucian China?
Answer
The social structure was hierarchical, with the emperor at the top, followed by scholar bureaucrats, farmers, artisans, merchants, and warriors.
10
Question
What were the important agricultural products in ancient China?
Answer
Rice was a significant agricultural product, and the use of fertilizer contributed to agricultural stability.
11
Question
What significant trade routes were important to China during this period?
Answer
The Silk Road was a major trade route connecting China to Africa, Korea, Japan, and India.
12
Question
What was footbinding and why was it practiced?
Answer
Footbinding was a custom introduced by the upper class to mark beauty, where girls' feet were tightly wrapped to cripple them into a delicate shape.
13
Question
What were the main consequences of the Ming Dynasty?
Answer
The Ming Dynasty contributed to global trade, created financial inequality, and saw the introduction of porcelain and silk as key trade items.
14
Question
How did the Qing Dynasty differ from the Ming Dynasty in terms of governance?
Answer
The Qing Dynasty maintained the old bureaucratic structure and Confucian ideals, while also expanding the empire and encouraging tribute payments from neighboring regions.
15
Question
Who was Emperor Kangxi and what were his contributions?
Answer
Emperor Kangxi (1662-1722) merged Manchurian military skills with Chinese administrative expertise, promoted Confucian education, and established a legal code to maintain order.
16
Question
What was the impact of the Opium War on China?
Answer
The Opium War (1839-1842) led to the Treaty of Nanjing, which ended the Canton System and began a series of 'unequal treaties' that favored Western powers.
17
Question
What characterized Japan's geographical and cultural identity?
Answer
Japan's identity is characterized by its numerous islands, mountainous terrain, and a rich tapestry of indigenous Shintoism, Confucianism, and Buddhism.
18
Question
What was the significance of the Kamakura Period in Japan?
Answer
The Kamakura Period (1192-1333) established a feudal system with Shoguns as the central military and political leaders.
19
Question
Who was Oda Nobunaga and what were his key actions?
Answer
Oda Nobunaga (1534-1582) was a powerful leader who used violence to protect interests, fought rival daimyo, and utilized guns to encourage trade.
20
Question
What was the role of the Samurai in Japanese society?
Answer
Samurai were the warrior class in feudal Japan, known for their code of honor and military skills, serving the daimyos in exchange for land and protection.
21
Question
What were some negative impacts of Confucianism in terms of innovation?
Answer
Confucianism's emphasis on rote learning and traditional scholarship inhibited the promotion of innovation during its dominance.
22
Question
How did Japan's isolationism affect its interactions with the West?
Answer
Japan's isolationism led to selective borrowing from other cultures, maintaining its distinct identity while also adopting certain Chinese practices.
23
Question
What was the purpose of the Macartney Mission?
Answer
The Macartney Mission (1792-93) aimed to open Chinese ports to British merchants, establish a British ambassador at the Qing court, and improve trading conditions.
24
Question
What was the impact of New World silver on China's economy?
Answer
The influx of New World silver created financial inequalities and ultimately destabilized the Chinese economy.
25
Question
What were the main features of the Qing Dynasty's social and cultural patterns?
Answer
The Qing Dynasty favored traditional expressions in art, literature, and philosophy while relying heavily on the old bureaucratic structure.
26
Question
What were the main causes of the decline of the Qing Dynasty?
Answer
The decline of the Qing Dynasty was attributed to military decline, corruption, popular protests, and the loss of the Mandate of Heaven.
27
Question
What was the significance of Zheng He’s voyages?
Answer
Zheng He’s voyages expanded Chinese trade across the Indian Ocean and established maritime connections with Southeast Asia.
28
Question
What were the effects of foreign trade on Chinese society during the Qing Dynasty?
Answer
Foreign trade during the Qing Dynasty led to increased interaction with Western powers, the establishment of treaty ports, and the introduction of Christianity.
29
Question
What was the significance of the Treaty of Nanjing?
Answer
The Treaty of Nanjing marked the end of the First Opium War and initiated the era of unequal treaties, granting extraterritorial rights to Western powers.
30
Question
What were the implications of being imprisoned in the context of samurai status?
Answer
A person cannot be a samurai if they were imprisoned.