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Stratified Rocks and Geological Principles
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Stratified Rocks and Geological Principles
Stratified Rocks and Geological Principles
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1
Question
What are the learning objectives outlined in the document?
Answer
1. Describe how layers of rocks (stratified rocks) are formed. 2. State the Stenos Four Laws of Stratification used in relative dating. 3. Explain the law of stratification used in a given example. 4. Label the oldest and youngest layer.
2
Question
What is the most essential learning competency related to the formation of stratified rocks?
Answer
Describe how layers of rocks (stratified rocks) are formed.
3
Question
What are the different methods of determining the age of stratified rocks?
Answer
The different methods are relative dating and absolute dating.
4
Question
What type of rock formation is Biri Island known for?
Answer
Biri Island rock formation is composed of four small, rocky islands where the San Bernardino Strait meets the Pacific Ocean.
5
Question
Describe the process of how layers of rocks (stratified rocks) are formed.
Answer
Eroded sediments end up in the water and begin to settle. With time, more layers pile up and press down the lower layer. Additional layers and further compaction force out water from the layers. Salt crystals glue the layers together, forming sedimentary rock.
6
Question
List the steps in the process of sedimentary rock formation in order.
Answer
1. Eroded sediments end up in the water and begin to settle. 2. More layers pile up and press down the lower layer. 3. Additional layers and further compaction force out water from the layers. 4. Salt crystals glue the layers together.
7
Question
How do petrologists determine the age of rock?
Answer
Geologists from the University of the Philippines state that the rocks date back from the Early Miocene Period, and their ages range from 5 to 23 million years old.
8
Question
What is relative dating?
Answer
Relative dating is a method of arranging geological events based on the rock sequence. It cannot provide actual numerical dates of rocks and only indicates that one rock is older than another.
9
Question
Who studied the relative positions of sedimentary rocks and what did he discover?
Answer
Nicholas Steno studied the relative positions of sedimentary rocks and discovered that they settle based on their relative weight or size in a fluid.
10
Question
What does the Law of Superposition state?
Answer
The Law of Superposition states that, in any sequence of layered sedimentary rocks, the top layer is younger than the bottom layer.
11
Question
What does the Law of Horizontality state?
Answer
The Law of Horizontality states that layers of sediment were originally deposited horizontally under the action of gravity, but rocks can become tilted due to events such as mountain building.
12
Question
What does the law of lateral continuity state?
Answer
The law of lateral continuity states that rock layers extend laterally or out to the sides, and erosion may have worn away some parts of the rock, but the layers on either side of the eroded areas still match.
13
Question
What does the Law of Cross Cutting Relationships state?
Answer
The Law of Cross Cutting Relationships states that fault lines and igneous rocks are younger features that cut through older features of rocks.
14
Question
What is the Law of Inclusion?
Answer
The Law of Inclusion states that if one rock body contains fragments of another rock body, it must be younger than the fragments of rock it contains.
15
Question
Using the laws of superposition, inclusions and cross-cutting relationships, how do you determine the relative ages of cross-sections?
Answer
Determine the OLDEST bed first and then arrange the layers from youngest to oldest.
16
Question
What happens to layers of rock as they become older according to the provided information?
Answer
As layers of rock become older, they may undergo compaction and may also be subject to folding and tilting due to geological events.
17
Question
According to the Law of Lateral Continuity, what happens to corresponding rocks on both sides of an eroded area?
Answer
The corresponding rocks on both sides of an eroded area still match, despite some parts of the rock being worn away.