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Ethical Decision Making and Moral Courage
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Ethical Decision Making and Moral Courage
Ethical Decision Making and Moral Courage
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1
Question
What is the first step in the Ethical Decision-Making Process?
Answer
1. Gather the Facts - Don't jump to conclusions without the facts. Questions to ask include who, what, where, when, how, and why.
2
Question
What challenges may arise when gathering facts in ethical decision-making?
Answer
Facts may be difficult to find because of the uncertainty often found around ethical issues.
3
Question
What is the second step in the Ethical Decision-Making Process?
Answer
2. Define the Ethical Issues - Don't jump to solutions without first identifying the ethical issues in the situation. Define the ethical basis for the issue you want to focus on.
4
Question
What should be considered when defining ethical issues?
Answer
There may be multiple ethical issues; focus on one major one at a time.
5
Question
What is the third step in the Ethical Decision-Making Process?
Answer
3. Identify the Affected Parties (Stakeholders) - Identify all of the stakeholders: Who are the primary or direct stakeholders? Who are the secondary or indirect stakeholders? Why are they stakeholders for the issue?
6
Question
What perspective should be taken when identifying stakeholders?
Answer
Perspective-taking.
7
Question
What is the fourth step in the Ethical Decision-Making Process?
Answer
4. Identify the Consequences to each affected party - Think about the positive and negative consequences for affected parties by the decision.
8
Question
What considerations should be made regarding consequences in ethical decision-making?
Answer
What is the magnitude of the consequences and the probability that the consequences will happen? Consider short term vs. long term consequences and whether the decision will be valid over time.
9
Question
What is the fifth step in the Ethical Decision-Making Process?
Answer
5. Identify Ethical Principles and the Rights or Duties of those involved - Obligations should be thought of in terms of principles and rights involved.
10
Question
What questions should be asked when identifying ethical principles and rights involved?
Answer
What obligations are created because of the specific rights of the stakeholders? What rights are more basic vs. secondary in nature? Which help protect an individual's basic autonomy?
11
Question
What is the sixth step in the Ethical Decision-Making Process?
Answer
6. Consider your character or Integrity - Consider what your relevant community members would consider to be the kind of decision that an individual of integrity would make in this situation.
12
Question
What is the seventh step in the Ethical Decision-Making Process?
Answer
7. Think creatively about potential actions - Be sure you have not been unnecessarily forced into a corner. You may have some choices or alternatives that have not been considered.
13
Question
What is the eighth step in the Ethical Decision-Making Process?
Answer
8. Check your gut - Intuition is gaining credibility as a source for good decision making.
14
Question
What is the ninth step in the Ethical Decision-Making Process?
Answer
9. Decide on the proper ethical action - Prepare to deal with opposing arguments.
15
Question
What does Moral Courage entail?
Answer
Brave behavior accompanied by anger and indignation which intends to enforce societal and ethical norms without considering one's own social costs.
16
Question
What is the role of prosocial norms in fostering moral courage?
Answer
Prosocial norms have the potential to foster moral courage, but they have to be strongly activated to display an effect.
17
Question
How does anger relate to moral courage?
Answer
Anger is integral when a person acts moral courageously; it is often provoked by injustice or violations of human dignity.
18
Question
What is moral outrage?
Answer
Moral outrage is an anger provoked by the perception that a moral standard, usually a standard of fairness or justice, has been violated.
19
Question
What are the personality traits associated with moral courage?
Answer
Open-mindedness is associated with a higher likelihood of intervening against discrimination and showing moral courage.
20
Question
What are the three factors of the moral courage scale?
Answer
1. Moral courage at the workplace. 2. Moral courage in situations of physical violence. 3. Moral courage against racism.
21
Question
What are behavioral routines in moral courage training?
Answer
Behavioral routines that can easily be recalled to foster adequate and fast reactions, such as role-plays to activate other people's help.
22
Question
What are the five steps to developing will and moral courage?
Answer
1. Develop and Practice Self-discipline. 2. Do Mental Strength Training. 3. Draw Inspiration from People of Great Courage. 4. Repeatedly Do Acts that Exhibit Moral Courage and Will. 5. Avoid Deeds that Show Lack of Moral Courage and Will.
23
Question
How can self-discipline be developed?
Answer
It includes nurturing the ability to stick to actions, thoughts, and behavior that lead to moral improvement and success.
24
Question
What is involved in mental strength training?
Answer
Declining to satisfy unimportant and unnecessary desires.
25
Question
How can one draw inspiration from courageous individuals?
Answer
People usually admire and respect courageous persons who have won great success by manifesting self-discipline and willpower.
26
Question
What is the significance of repeated acts in developing moral courage?
Answer
Practice makes perfect; one must strive to do acts that manifest moral courage whenever the opportunity allows.
27
Question
What types of deeds should be avoided to demonstrate moral courage?
Answer
Acts that show irresponsibility, cowardice, apathy, rashness, imprudence, ill will, and wickedness.
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