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Hematology Study Guide
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Hematology Study Guide
Hematology Study Guide
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1
Question
What is hematology?
Answer
Hematology is the study of blood and its functions in health and disease.
2
Question
What are the functions of blood?
Answer
Functions of blood include oxygen transport, waste removal, hormone transportation, immune defense, temperature regulation, and hemostasis.
3
Question
What are the components of blood?
Answer
Blood components are divided into plasma (liquid part) and solid components (RBCs, WBCs, and platelets).
4
Question
What is plasma?
Answer
Plasma is the liquid part of blood, consisting of 90% water, proteins (albumin, globulins, fibrinogen), nutrients, and waste.
5
Question
What are the solid components of blood?
Answer
Solid components of blood include RBCs (oxygen transport), WBCs (immune defense), and platelets (clotting).
6
Question
What is anemia?
Answer
Anemia is a blood disorder characterized by a deficiency in the number or quality of red blood cells.
7
Question
List some types of anemia.
Answer
Types of anemia include Iron Deficiency Anemia, Pernicious Anemia, Aplastic Anemia, Sickle Cell Disease, Thalassemia, and Hemolytic Anemia.
8
Question
What is Polycythemia Vera?
Answer
Polycythemia Vera is a blood disorder characterized by an increased number of red blood cells.
9
Question
What is Hemophilia?
Answer
Hemophilia is a blood disorder that affects the body’s ability to clot due to deficiency in clotting factors.
10
Question
What does DIC stand for?
Answer
DIC stands for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation.
11
Question
What is ITP?
Answer
ITP stands for Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura, a disorder characterized by low platelet counts.
12
Question
What are some diagnostic tools used in hematology?
Answer
Diagnostic tools include CBC (Complete Blood Count), Bone Marrow Aspiration, and clotting tests such as PT, aPTT, and specific assays.
13
Question
What are some management and treatment options for blood disorders?
Answer
Management and treatment options include nutritional support, transfusions, medications (iron, Vitamin B12, clotting factors), bone marrow transplants, and managing complications.
14
Question
What is the primary function of red blood cells (RBCs)?
Answer
The primary function of red blood cells (RBCs) is oxygen transport.
15
Question
Which plasma protein maintains osmotic pressure?
Answer
Albumin is the plasma protein that maintains osmotic pressure.
16
Question
What is the most common type of anemia?
Answer
The most common type of anemia is Iron Deficiency Anemia.
17
Question
Which organ produces erythropoietin in response to hypoxia?
Answer
The kidney produces erythropoietin in response to hypoxia.
18
Question
What is the universal donor blood type?
Answer
The universal donor blood type is O-.
19
Question
True or False: Hemophilia A results from a deficiency in Factor IX.
Answer
False.
20
Question
True or False: Platelets have a lifespan of 7-10 days.
Answer
True.
21
Question
True or False: Macrocytic anemia is caused by small-sized RBCs.
Answer
False.
22
Question
True or False: Polycythemia Vera leads to thickened blood due to excess RBCs.
Answer
True.
23
Question
True or False: Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause neurological symptoms.
Answer
True.
24
Question
Fill in the blank: The liquid portion of blood, making up about 55% of its total volume, is called __________.
Answer
plasma.
25
Question
Fill in the blank: The hormone responsible for stimulating RBC production is __________.
Answer
erythropoietin.
26
Question
Fill in the blank: Sickle Cell Disease is characterized by the presence of abnormal __________.
Answer
hemoglobin (HbS).
27
Question
Fill in the blank: __________ anemia results from bone marrow failure leading to pancytopenia.
Answer
Aplastic.
28
Question
Fill in the blank: Excessive clotting and bleeding simultaneously occur in __________.
Answer
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC).
29
Question
Define hematopoiesis and identify its primary site.
Answer
Hematopoiesis is the process of blood cell formation, primarily occurring in the bone marrow.
30
Question
What is the role of platelets in hemostasis?
Answer
Platelets are responsible for clotting and stopping bleeding.