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Opioid Knowledge
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Opioid Knowledge
Opioid Knowledge
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1
Question
What are opioids?
Answer
Substances that interact with the opioid receptors in the body to regulate pain and pleasure.
2
Question
What are opiates?
Answer
A subset of opioids derived from opium poppy plants, including: 1. Heroin 2. Morphine 3. Codeine.
3
Question
What are semisynthetic opioids?
Answer
Opioids that contain synthetic compounds derived from opium, including: 1. Oxycodone 2. Hydrocodone.
4
Question
What are synthetic opioids?
Answer
Opioids that do not contain opium and are synthetic compounds that target the opioid receptors, including: 1. Methadone 2. Tramadol 3. Fentanyl 4. Carfentanil.
5
Question
What are narcotics?
Answer
Substances intended for use in treating moderate to severe pain.
6
Question
What are opioid pain medications?
Answer
Medications used for pain relief, including: 1. Oxycodone (OxyContin, Percocet) 2. Hydrocodone (Vicodin) 3. Codeine 4. Morphine 5. Fentanyl, Carfentanil.
7
Question
What capacity do opioids have that is notable?
Answer
They have the capacity to induce narcosis, a state of stupor or unconsciousness.
8
Question
What is the medical use of opioids?
Answer
The medical use of opioids is to provide pain relief, often in combination with other painkillers, such as aspirin or acetaminophen.
9
Question
What percentage of drug overdose deaths do opioids account for?
Answer
Opioids account for nearly 75% of all drug overdose deaths.
10
Question
What is a common pathway to heroin addiction?
Answer
50% of heroin users start with an addiction to prescription opioids.
11
Question
What are the modes of administration for opioids?
Answer
Pills are often swallowed, crushed, injected, or snorted. The faster the drug reaches the brain in large concentrations, the greater the addictive potential.
12
Question
What are some positive effects of opioids?
Answer
1. Control pain 2. Suppress cough 3. Confer a sense of well-being 4. Reduced anxiety 5. State of euphoria.
13
Question
What are some negative effects of opioids?
Answer
1. Drowsiness 2. Lack of motivation 3. Slowed reaction activity 4. Nausea/vomiting 5. Slowed breathing.
14
Question
What is the cause of the surge in pleasure from opioids?
Answer
The surge in pleasure results from a significant release of dopamine, significantly greater than naturally occurring factors like eating, sex, etc.
15
Question
What is withdrawal from opioids?
Answer
Withdrawal typically takes days to weeks to disappear with cessation of dosing, with symptoms including: 1. Watery eyes, runny nose 2. Yawning, sweating 3. Restlessness, irritability 4. Loss of appetite, nausea 5. Tremors, increased heart rate/blood pressure 6. Chills/flushing 7. Drug craving and depression.
16
Question
What are overdose symptoms of opioids?
Answer
1. Shallow breathing/difficulty breathing 2. Weak pulse/low blood pressure 3. Delirium 4. Drowsiness 5. Muscle spasms 6. Disorientation 7. Bluish lips/fingernails indicating low oxygen 8. Dry mouth 9. Small pupils 10. Coma.
17
Question
What is fentanyl?
Answer
Fentanyl is 50x stronger than the average potency of heroin and is sometimes added to substances like heroin without the user’s knowledge.
18
Question
What is carfentanil?
Answer
Carfentanil is 100x stronger than fentanyl.
19
Question
What are the statistics on opioid overdose deaths in the U.S.?
Answer
70% of all overdose deaths, approximately 70,000 each year, are attributed to opioids.
20
Question
What is the opioid epidemic?
Answer
The opioid epidemic refers to the sharp increase in prescription and illicit opioid use and related overdose deaths, exacerbated by the marketing of OxyContin for chronic pain.
21
Question
What strategies are suggested to address the opioid problem?
Answer
1. Create abuse deterrent formulations 2. Promote alternative pain management strategies 3. Reduce supply/access 4. Reduce demand through education 5. Promote access to evidence-based treatment 6. Initiate treatment engagement efforts 7. Harm reduction strategies.
22
Question
What are harm reduction strategies for opioid overdose?
Answer
1. Overdose prevention and response efforts 2. Supervised drug injection sites 3. Disperse tools for checking street drugs for fentanyl 4. Wound care education for individuals engaged in injection use 5. Providing immunity from prosecution for possession when first responders treat overdose.
23
Question
What roles do medications play in opioid use disorders (OUD)?
Answer
1. Reverse an acute overdose to prevent death (Narcan) 2. To reduce cravings 3. To aid in the withdrawal/detox phase 4. To treat co-occurring conditions 5. To treat chronic or acute pain.
24
Question
What is Naloxone?
Answer
Naloxone (Narcan or Evzio) is an opioid antagonist that blocks opioid effects by binding to opioid receptors; the amount needed may vary depending on the dose and strength of the opioid.
25
Question
What are the three essential components of detoxification in opioid use disorders?
Answer
1. Evaluation of physical and mental status, amount of drugs used 2. Stabilization to establish a safe physical and mental state 3. Fostering readiness for engaging in treatment.
26
Question
What are the three approved medications for treating opioid use disorders?
Answer
1. Methadone (synthetic opioid) 2. Buprenorphine (partial agonist) 3. Naltrexone (antagonist).
27
Question
What is prenatal exposure to opioids?
Answer
The number of expecting mothers with OUD at the time of delivery increased 4x from 1999-2014, leading to potential tolerance and withdrawal symptoms in newborns.
28
Question
What are the withdrawal symptoms that a baby might experience from prenatal opioid exposure?
Answer
1. Difficulty breathing 2. Feeding issues 3. Sepsis 4. GI symptoms 5. Poor sleep 6. Irritability 7. Seizures 8. Death.
29
Question
What are the long-term health consequences of opioid exposure in newborns?
Answer
Prenatal exposure to opioids can lead to long-term health consequences for the child.
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