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Functional Materials Overview
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Functional Materials Overview
Functional Materials Overview
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1
Question
What is the duration of Module 5 on Functional Materials?
Answer
4 hours
2
Question
What are the two types of polymers discussed in Module 5?
Answer
Polymers ABS and BAKELITE.
3
Question
What is the effect of doping on conducting polymers?
Answer
Doping can induce conductivity in polymers, particularly those with conjugated p-bond structures.
4
Question
What is the significance of the term 'plasticus' in the context of polymers?
Answer
The term 'plasticus' comes from Latin and means 'that which can be molded', indicating the property of polymers to be easily molded.
5
Question
What is the definition of a polymer?
Answer
Polymers are macromolecules, giant molecules of higher molecular weight formed by the repeated linking of a large number of small molecules called monomers.
6
Question
What is an example of a monomer and its corresponding polymer?
Answer
The example of a monomer is ethylene (CH2=CH2), and its corresponding polymer is polyethylene.
7
Question
What does the term 'mer' refer to in polymer terminology?
Answer
'Mer' refers to a unit in polymer terminology.
8
Question
What is the term for a polymer consisting of one unit?
Answer
A monomer.
9
Question
What is the term for a polymer consisting of two units?
Answer
A dimer.
10
Question
What is the term for a polymer consisting of three units?
Answer
A trimer.
11
Question
What is the term for a polymer consisting of four units?
Answer
A tetramer.
12
Question
Who first noted the transformation of styrene into a resinous polymer?
Answer
Berthelot in an article published in the Bulletin of the Chemical Society of France in 1866.
13
Question
Who proposed the modern concept of polymers and received a Nobel Prize for it?
Answer
Hermann Staudinger in 1920.
14
Question
What are the two main classifications of polymers based on their origin?
Answer
Naturally occurring polymers and synthetic polymers.
15
Question
What are some examples of naturally occurring polymers?
Answer
Proteins, polysaccharides (e.g., cellulose, starch), nucleic acids (e.g., DNA, RNA), and rubber.
16
Question
How are synthetic polymers generally produced?
Answer
Synthetic polymers are produced commercially on a very large scale and have a wide range of properties and uses.
17
Question
What are the two types of resins in plastics?
Answer
Thermoplastic resins and thermosetting resins.
18
Question
What are thermoplastics?
Answer
Thermoplastics are plastics that do not undergo chemical change when heated and can be molded repeatedly.
19
Question
What is the classification of thermosetting resins?
Answer
Thermosetting resins are prepared by condensation polymerization and cannot be softened once hardened.
20
Question
What happens to thermoplastics upon heating?
Answer
They can be softened on heating and hardened on cooling reversibly.
21
Question
What are some common examples of thermoplastics?
Answer
Polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
22
Question
What are thermosetting polymers?
Answer
Thermosetting polymers are those that cannot be remolded after solidification and are held together by strong covalent bonds.
23
Question
What is Bakelite?
Answer
Bakelite is a type of thermosetting plastic that is resistant to acids and has excellent electrical insulating properties.
24
Question
What is conduction in the context of materials?
Answer
Conduction is the process by which heat or electricity is directly transmitted through a material without movement of the material.
25
Question
What is conductivity defined as?
Answer
Conductivity is defined as the ability or power to conduct or transmit heat, electricity, or sound.
26
Question
What are good examples of electrical conductors?
Answer
Copper, steel, gold, aluminum, and brass.
27
Question
Why are polymers typically insulators?
Answer
Polymers are typically insulators due to their very high resistivity and tightly bound electrons.
28
Question
What discovery led to the understanding of conductive polymers?
Answer
The discovery by Alan J. Heeger, Alan G. MacDiarmid, and Hideki Shirakawa that polyacetylene can be made conductive almost like a metal.
29
Question
What are the two types of doping in conducting polymers?
Answer
p-doping (achieved by oxidation) and n-doping (achieved by reduction).
30
Question
What is a soliton in the context of conductive polymers?
Answer
A soliton is a charged or neutral defect in the polyacetylene chain that propagates down the chain, reducing the barrier for interconversion.