/
Muscle Tissue Overview
Save to my account
Sign up
Muscle Tissue Overview
Muscle Tissue Overview
Study
1
Question
What is the basic tissue type of muscle tissue?
Answer
Muscle tissue is the 4th basic tissue type.
2
Question
What is contractility in relation to muscle cells?
Answer
Contractility is a universal cell property of muscle cells.
3
Question
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
Answer
1. Skeletal Muscle: multinucleated cells with cross-striations, quick, forceful, and voluntary. 2. Cardiac Muscle: elongated, branched cells with cross-striations, bound to intercalated discs, vigorous, rhythmic, and involuntary. 3. Smooth Muscle: fusiform cells without striations, slow and involuntary.
4
Question
What is the origin of muscle cells?
Answer
Muscle cells have a mesodermal origin.
5
Question
What is the sliding interaction in muscle contractions?
Answer
The sliding interaction involves thick myosin filaments sliding along thin actin filaments.
6
Question
What provides energy for the sliding interaction in muscle contractions?
Answer
Energy for sliding comes from other proteins affecting the weak interactions in the bridges between actin and myosin.
7
Question
What is sarcoplasm?
Answer
Sarcoplasm is the cytoplasm of muscle cells.
8
Question
What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
Answer
The sarcoplasmic reticulum is a smooth endoplasmic reticulum found in muscle cells.
9
Question
What is the sarcolemma?
Answer
Sarcolemma is the muscle cell membrane and external lamina.
10
Question
What is muscle hypertrophy?
Answer
Muscle hypertrophy is the size increase in muscle fibers.
11
Question
What factors influence muscle hypertrophy?
Answer
Location of muscle, age, gender, nutritional status, and physical training.
12
Question
What is hyperplasia in muscle cells?
Answer
Hyperplasia is the increase in the number of cells, particularly in smooth muscles.
13
Question
What are the characteristics of skeletal muscle fibers?
Answer
Skeletal muscle fibers are long, cylindrical, multinucleated cells.
14
Question
What is the role of satellite cells in skeletal muscle?
Answer
Satellite cells are reserve progenitor cells adjacent to skeletal muscle.
15
Question
What is the epimysium?
Answer
The epimysium is the external sheath of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle.
16
Question
What is a fascicle in muscle tissue?
Answer
A fascicle is a bundle of muscle fibers surrounded by perimysium.
17
Question
What is the endomysium?
Answer
The endomysium is a delicate layer of reticular fibers that surrounds individual muscle fibers.
18
Question
What are myotendinous junctions?
Answer
Myotendinous junctions are where the tendon and all three supporting layers meet and join muscle to bone, skin, or another muscle.
19
Question
What are myofibrils?
Answer
Myofibrils are long cylindrical filament bundles that run parallel to the long axis of the skeletal muscle fiber.
20
Question
What are A bands and I bands in muscle fibers?
Answer
A bands are dark bands on the myofibrils (anisotropic), while I bands are light bands (isotropic) on the myofibrils.
21
Question
What is the sarcomere?
Answer
The sarcomere is the contractile apparatus of a skeletal muscle fiber that extends from Z disc to Z disc.
22
Question
What is the function of titin in muscle fibers?
Answer
Titin is the largest protein in the body, has scaffolding and elastic properties, and supports thick myofilaments connecting them to the Z disc.
23
Question
What is the role of troponin and tropomyosin in muscle contraction?
Answer
Troponin regulates actin-myosin interaction while tropomyosin blocks myosin-binding sites on actin filaments.
24
Question
What happens to myosin heads in a resting muscle?
Answer
In a resting muscle, myosin heads cannot bind actin because binding sites are blocked by the troponin-tropomyosin complex.
25
Question
What initiates muscle contraction at the neuromuscular junction?
Answer
Contraction is induced when an action potential arrives at the neuromuscular junction.
26
Question
What is rigor mortis?
Answer
Rigor mortis is the rigidity of skeletal muscles that occurs after death due to the absence of ATP stabilizing actin-myosin crossbridges.
27
Question
What are proprioceptors?
Answer
Proprioceptors are sensory receptors that provide the CNS with data from the musculoskeletal system.
28
Question
What are the three major types of skeletal muscle fibers?
Answer
1. Slow oxidative 2. Fast glycolytic 3. Fast oxidative-glycolytic.
29
Question
What characterizes slow oxidative muscle fibers?
Answer
Slow oxidative fibers are adapted for slow contractions, have many mitochondria, many capillaries, high levels of myoglobin, and are dark or red in color.
30
Question
What characterizes fast glycolytic muscle fibers?
Answer
Fast glycolytic fibers are specialized for rapid, short-term contractions, have few mitochondria, few capillaries, are white in color, and experience rapid fatigue.