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Cardiovascular System Overview
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Cardiovascular System Overview
Cardiovascular System Overview
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1
Question
What is the organ system responsible for transportation of substances within the body?
Answer
The cardiovascular system.
2
Question
What are the main components of the cardiovascular system?
Answer
Blood, heart, and blood vessels.
3
Question
What is the function of the heart in the cardiovascular system?
Answer
The heart pumps blood through two blood vessel loops: the pulmonary loop and the systemic loop.
4
Question
What does the pulmonary loop do?
Answer
Carries blood from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart.
5
Question
What happens to blood in the lungs during the pulmonary loop?
Answer
In the lungs, the blood picks up O2 and releases CO2.
6
Question
What does the systemic loop do?
Answer
Carries blood from the heart to all organs in the body except the lungs and then back to the heart.
7
Question
What is the main function of the systemic loop?
Answer
Delivers O2 and nutrients to cells and picks up CO2.
8
Question
What is an artery?
Answer
A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart toward another organ.
9
Question
What are the first arteries of the pulmonary loop?
Answer
The pulmonary arteries.
10
Question
What is the first artery of the systemic loop?
Answer
The aorta.
11
Question
What is a vein?
Answer
A blood vessel that carries blood away from an organ back toward the heart.
12
Question
What are the last veins of the pulmonary loop?
Answer
The pulmonary veins.
13
Question
What are the last veins of the systemic loop?
Answer
The superior vena cava and inferior vena cava.
14
Question
What is the heart composed of?
Answer
Myocardium tissue (cardiac muscle) with four hollow chambers.
15
Question
What surrounds the heart?
Answer
The pericardium, a serosa.
16
Question
What are the smaller chambers of the heart that receive blood returning to the heart?
Answer
The left atrium and right atrium.
17
Question
What happens when the atria contract?
Answer
They expel blood from the atrium into the ventricle.
18
Question
What does the right atrium receive blood from?
Answer
The superior and inferior vena cavae, which is the end of the systemic loop.
19
Question
What does the left atrium receive blood from?
Answer
The pulmonary veins, which is the end of the pulmonary loop.
20
Question
What is an AV valve?
Answer
A one-way valve at the exit of each atrium to prevent backflow.
21
Question
What are the larger chambers of the heart that expel blood out of the heart?
Answer
The left ventricle and right ventricle.
22
Question
What does the right ventricle expel blood into?
Answer
The pulmonary arteries, which is the beginning of the pulmonary loop.
23
Question
What does the left ventricle expel blood into?
Answer
The aorta, which is the beginning of the systemic loop.
24
Question
What is a semilunar valve?
Answer
A one-way valve at the exit of each ventricle to prevent backflow.
25
Question
What is the cardiac cycle?
Answer
The repeated series of events in the heart that result in pumping blood, making the lub-dup sound of a heartbeat.
26
Question
What occurs during systole?
Answer
Contraction of a heart chamber, producing the lub sound as the AV valves shut.
27
Question
What occurs during diastole?
Answer
Relaxation of a heart chamber, producing the dup sound as the semilunar valves shut.
28
Question
What do the atria do during ventricular diastole?
Answer
They refill themselves with blood returning to the heart and then contract to refill the ventricles with blood.
29
Question
What is the pulmonary trunk?
Answer
The blood vessel where blood exits the right ventricle.
30
Question
What does the pulmonary trunk branch into?
Answer
The left and right pulmonary arteries.