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Statistics Concepts
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Statistics Concepts
Statistics Concepts
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1
Question
What is quota sampling?
Answer
Quota sampling is the equivalent of stratified random sampling in terms of non-probability sampling.
2
Question
What is a 'Sample' in statistics?
Answer
A sample is a subset taken from the population.
3
Question
What are inferential statistics?
Answer
Inferential statistics use sample data to make inferences about a population, generalizing from samples to populations, performing hypothesis testing, determining relationships among variables, and making predictions.
4
Question
What is simple random sampling?
Answer
Simple Random Sampling is a process of selecting a sample size from the population, and it is the most commonly used sampling technique.
5
Question
What is the interval level of measurement?
Answer
Interval data is the same as ordinal data, with the additional property that we can determine meaningful amounts of differences between data, but it has no true zero point (e.g., scores, temperature, IQ).
6
Question
What is a 'Constant'?
Answer
A constant is a characteristic or property whereby the members of the group do not differ from one another.
7
Question
What is snowball sampling?
Answer
Snowball sampling is sometimes called chain referral sampling, where the researcher chooses a respondent and asks them to refer other possible respondents.
8
Question
What are descriptive statistics?
Answer
Descriptive statistics involve organizing, presenting, or summarizing a set of data or observations in an informative way.
9
Question
What are the reasons for sampling?
Answer
1. The destructive nature of the objects or things under study. 2. The population under study is too large.
10
Question
What are ambiguous averages?
Answer
Common measures that are loosely called averages, such as mean, median, mode, and midrange, that can differ from the data set.
11
Question
Define 'Statistic'.
Answer
A statistic is a numerical measure or characteristic of the sample.
12
Question
What is convenience sampling?
Answer
Convenience Sampling (haphazard sampling) involves samples that are readily available to participate in the study.
13
Question
What is purposive sampling?
Answer
Purposive Sampling is done with a purpose in mind, focusing on samples based on the judgment of the researcher.
14
Question
What are the two major types of sampling?
Answer
1. Random Sampling (Scientific Sampling) - members have an equal chance of being selected. 2. Non-Random Sampling (Non-Scientific Sampling) - samples are selected in a deliberate manner with little or no attention to randomization.
15
Question
What is a 'Parameter'?
Answer
A parameter is a numerical measure or characteristic of the population.
16
Question
What is a nominal level of measurement?
Answer
Nominal data consists of names, labels, classification, and categories only, and cannot be arranged in an ordering scheme (e.g., gender, ethnicity, religion).
17
Question
List some uses of statistics.
Answer
1. It can give precise description of the data. 2. It can predict the behavior of individuals. 3. It can be used to test hypotheses. 4. It can be used in decision making in any field.
18
Question
What is a 'Variable'?
Answer
A variable is a characteristic or property whereby the members of the group differ from one another.
19
Question
What is inferential statistics?
Answer
Inferential statistics is the science of collecting, presenting, interpreting, and analyzing data for effective decisions.
20
Question
What is sampling?
Answer
Sampling is the act, process, or technique of selecting an appropriate sample, or representative part of a population for the purpose of determining the characteristics of the whole population.
21
Question
Define 'Population' in statistics.
Answer
Population refers to the entirety or totality of objects, things or persons under study.
22
Question
Define the ratio level of measurement.
Answer
Ratio is an interval level modified to include the inherent zero starting point, making it the highest level of measurement (e.g., age, weight, height, salary).
23
Question
What is cluster sampling?
Answer
Cluster Sampling involves grouping respondents according to their geographical location.
24
Question
What does 'Detached Statistics' refer to?
Answer
Detached statistics refer to a statistic presented in comparison without a proper comparison being made.
25
Question
What are some misuses of statistics?
Answer
1. Suspect samples. 2. Ambiguous averages. 3. Changing the subject. 4. Detached statistics. 5. Implied connections. 6. Misleading graphs. 7. Faulty survey questions.
26
Question
What is stratified sampling?
Answer
Stratified Sampling involves dividing the population into homogenous partitions or groups based on certain factors that might affect the results.
27
Question
What is an ordinal level of measurement?
Answer
Ordinal data may be arranged in some order, but differences between data values cannot be determined or are meaningless (e.g., performance ratings, sizes, and contest winners).
28
Question
Define systematic sampling.
Answer
Systematic Sampling is a random sampling technique which considers every element of the population in the sample with a selected random starting point from the first members.