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OB1 SAS 19.pdf Flashcards
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OB1 SAS 19.pdf Flashcards
OB1 SAS 19.pdf Flashcards
Study
1
Question
What is the definition of GROWTH?
Answer
GROWTH is generally used to denote an increase in physical size or QUANTITATIVE CHANGE measured as weight and height.
2
Question
What is the definition of DEVELOPMENT?
Answer
DEVELOPMENT is used to indicate an increase in skill or ability to function, a QUALITATIVE CHANGE.
3
Question
How can DEVELOPMENT be measured?
Answer
DEVELOPMENT can be measured by observing a child's ability to perform certain tasks, recording a parent's description of a child's progress, or using standardized tests such as the DENVER II.
4
Question
What is MATURATION synonymous with?
Answer
MATURATION is synonymous with development.
5
Question
What does PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT refer to?
Answer
PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT refers to developing instincts or sensual pleasure, as per FREUDIAN THEORY.
6
Question
What is PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT?
Answer
PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT refers to ERIKSON'S STAGES OF PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT.
7
Question
What is the definition of MORAL DEVELOPMENT?
Answer
MORAL DEVELOPMENT is the ability to know right from wrong and to apply these to real life situations, as described by KOHLBERG.
8
Question
What does COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT refer to?
Answer
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT refers to the ability to learn or understand from experience, acquire and retain certain knowledge, respond to new situations, and solve problems, as per PIAGET's COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT THEORY.
9
Question
What is the duration of the PRENATAL PERIOD?
Answer
The PRENATAL PERIOD lasts from conception to birth.
10
Question
What is the first principle of GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT?
Answer
Development proceeds from proximal to distal body.
11
Question
What does it mean that growth and development are continuous processes?
Answer
It means that growth and development occur continuously from conception until death.
12
Question
Give an example of how growth and development proceed in an orderly sequence.
Answer
An example is that growth in height proceeds in a predictable order from smaller to larger, and development proceeds from sitting before creeping, then standing before walking.
13
Question
What is the optimum time for initiating experiences or learning?
Answer
There is an optimum time for initiation of experiences or learning.
14
Question
How is mental age assessed in cognitive development?
Answer
Mental age assessment of cognitive development is measured by a variety of standardized intelligence tests (IQ).
15
Question
What is the DENVER DEVELOPMENTAL SCREENING TEST (DDST)?
Answer
The DDST is a generalized assessment tool that measures gross motor, fine motor, language, and personal social development from newborns to 6 years.
16
Question
What do growth parameters include?
Answer
Growth parameters include bone age (determined by X-ray of tarsals and carpals) and growth charts (norms expressed as percentiles of height, weight, and head circumference for age).
17
Question
What is the importance of crossing multiple percentile lines in growth charts?
Answer
Any child who crosses over multiple percentile lines needs further evaluation.
18
Question
What factors influence growth and development?
Answer
Factors influencing growth and development include GENETICS, GENDER, HEALTH, INTELLIGENCE, TEMPERAMENT, and ENVIRONMENT.
19
Question
How does GENDER affect growth?
Answer
Girls are usually born lighter and shorter than boys; girls tend to surge ahead in growth before puberty, but by the end of puberty, boys tend to be taller and heavier.
20
Question
How does HEALTH influence growth?
Answer
Those who inherit a genetically transmitted disease may not grow as rapidly or develop as fully as a healthy child.
21
Question
How can INTELLIGENCE affect physical skills in children?
Answer
Children with high intelligence do not generally grow faster than others but may advance faster in skills; sometimes they fall behind in physical skills due to spending more time on books or mental games.
22
Question
What is TEMPERAMENT?
Answer
TEMPERAMENT is the usual reaction pattern of an individual or an individual's characteristic manner of thinking, behaving, or reacting to stimuli in the environment. It is an inborn characteristic set at birth.
23
Question
What are the categories of TEMPERAMENT?
Answer
The categories of TEMPERAMENT include The Easy Child, The Difficult Child, and The Slow To Warm Up Child.
24
Question
Define The Easy Child temperament.
Answer
The Easy Child is easy to care for, has predictable rhythmicity, readily approaches and adapts to new situations, has a mild to moderate intensity of reaction, and has an overall positive mood quality.
25
Question
Define The Difficult Child temperament.
Answer
The Difficult Child is difficult to care for, has irregular habits, a negative mood quality, and tends to withdraw rather than approach new situations.
26
Question
Define Slow To Warm Up Child temperament.
Answer
The Slow To Warm Up Child is overall fairly inactive, responds mildly, adapts slowly to new situations, and has a general negative mood.
27
Question
How does the SOCIOECONOMIC LEVEL affect growth and development?
Answer
The SOCIOECONOMIC LEVEL can affect health care and nutrition.
28
Question
What is the impact of PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIP on growth and development?
Answer
Children who are loved thrive better than those who are not; quality time spent is more important than quantity.
29
Question
What does ORDINAL POSITION IN THE FAMILY refer to?
Answer
ORDINAL POSITION IN THE FAMILY refers to the order of birth among siblings and how it can influence growth and development.
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OB1 SAS 19.pdf Flashcards
Study
1
Question
What is the property of the document and the information thereon?
Answer
The document and the information thereon is the property of PHINMA Education Department of Nursing.
2
Question
At what age range does the Coordination of secondary reactions occur?
Answer
8 to 12 months.
3
Question
What can a child plan at 8 to 12 months to attain specific goals?
Answer
Activities.
4
Question
What is an example of separation anxiety in children 8 to 12 months old?
Answer
Toy nesting, toys, colored boxes.
5
Question
What is a characteristic of Tertiary Circular reactions that occur between 18 to 24 months?
Answer
Experiments to discover new properties of objects.
6
Question
What do children understand by 18 to 24 months regarding objects outside of self?
Answer
They understand objects outside of self as causes of actions.
7
Question
What is an example of a game that illustrates the understanding of causation at 18 to 24 months?
Answer
Throw and retrieve.
8
Question
What developmental phase follows Tertiary Circular reactions and occurs at 18 to 24 months?
Answer
Transitional phase to preoperational thought.
9
Question
What cognitive abilities develop in the Transitional phase to preoperational thought?
Answer
Uses memory and imitation to act, can solve basic problems and foresee maneuvers that will succeed or fail.
10
Question
What type of toys are beneficial for children in the 18 to 24 months age range?
Answer
Toys with several uses like blocks and colored plastic rings.
11
Question
What age range does Preoperational Thought occur?
Answer
2 to 7 years.
12
Question
How does thought change in the Preoperational Thought stage?
Answer
Thought becomes symbolic, arriving at answers mentally instead of through physical attempts.
13
Question
What is a key characteristic of Preoperational Thought regarding understanding?
Answer
Understands simple abstractions but mainly concrete and literal concepts.
14
Question
What cognitive limitation is exhibited by children in the Preoperational Thought stage?
Answer
Egocentric displays static thinking and has an inability to remember what he started to talk about.
15
Question
What is the child's concept of time in the Preoperational Thought stage?
Answer
Distance is only as far as he can see.
16
Question
What cognitive error is associated with centering and focusing on a single aspect of an object?
Answer
Causing distorted reasoning.
17
Question
What concept related to actions do children in the Preoperational Thought stage lack awareness of?
Answer
Reversibility; for every action, there is an opposite reaction.
18
Question
What type of toys promote imagination in the Preoperational Thought stage?
Answer
Toys that require imagination, such as clay.
19
Question
What age range does Concrete Operational Thought occur?
Answer
7 to 12 years.
20
Question
What cognitive ability is developed during Concrete Operational Thought?
Answer
Systematic reasoning.
21
Question
What does a child use to learn broad concepts during the Concrete Operational Thought stage?
Answer
Memory.
22
Question
What is involved in classifications during Concrete Operational Thought?
Answer
Sorting according to attributes like color.
23
Question
What mathematical concept becomes understood in Concrete Operational Thought?
Answer
Multiplication.
24
Question
What concept regarding operations do children understand in the Concrete Operational Thought stage?
Answer
Reversibility; opposite operations or reasoning back to a starting point.
25
Question
What does 'conservation' refer to in the context of Concrete Operational Thought?
Answer
Constancy despite transformation.
26
Question
What is a good activity for children in Concrete Operational Thought?
Answer
Collecting and classifying natural objects like shells and plants.
27
Question
What is 'Individualism' in the context of moral development?
Answer
Acts to satisfy own needs rather than society's; does something for another only in exchange for something.
28
Question
What is a key characteristic of the Conventional Level II in moral development for ages 7 to 10?
Answer
Orientation to interpersonal relations of mutuality; follows rules to be a good person in own eyes and others' eyes.
29
Question
What behavior does a child enjoy at the Conventional Level because it is viewed as nice?
Answer
Helping others.
30
Question
What is a recommended practice to encourage desired behavior in children aged 10 to 12?
Answer
Allowing the child to help with bed making or other activities and praising for desired behavior.
OB1 SAS 19.pdf Flashcards
Study
1
Question
What is the fear of strangers in infants and when does it start?
Answer
Fear of strangers starts at 6 months when the infant recognizes parents and peaks at 7-8 months.
2
Question
What is the fear of separation in toddlers?
Answer
Fear of separation in toddlers manifests through stages of separation anxiety, which includes: 1. PROTEST - cries loudly, 2. DESPAIR - less active with a monotonous voice, 3. DENIAL - silent and has difficulty forming close relationships.
3
Question
What are common fears of preschoolers?
Answer
Common fears of preschoolers include fears of castration/mutilation, illogical fears like ghosts, inanimate objects, and the dark, which are universal fears among children.
4
Question
What fears do school-aged children have?
Answer
School-aged children have fears of displacement/replacement, disease, death, and permanent separation from loved ones.
5
Question
What fears are common during adolescence?
Answer
Common fears during adolescence include fear of losing identity, fears related to acne, obesity, body odor, homosexuality, the unknown, disease, death, altered identity, unfulfilled dreams, and fear of death.
6
Question
Who developed the psychoanalytic theory and what is its focus?
Answer
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) developed the psychoanalytic theory, which describes adult behavior as the result of instinctual drives that have a primarily sexual nature.
7
Question
What is the concept of libido in Freud's theory?
Answer
Libido refers to the instinctual drives from within the person and the conflicts that develop between these instincts, represented as ID, reality (EGO), and society (SUPEREGO).
8
Question
What are the psychosexual stages of child development according to Freud?
Answer
Freud described child development as a series of psychosexual stages where a child's sexual gratification becomes focused on a specific body part.
9
Question
What characterizes the infant period or oral phase in Freud's theory?
Answer
The infant period or oral phase (0-6 months) is characterized by the stage of ID and the biological pleasure principle, where infants suck for enjoyment, relief from tension, and nourishment.
10
Question
What are the key aspects of Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?
Answer
Erik Erikson's theory stresses the importance of culture and society in personality development. Each stage involves a conflict between two opposing forces, and resolving each conflict allows the individual to progress to the next developmental phase.
11
Question
What is the conflict in the infant stage of Erikson's psychosocial development theory?
Answer
The conflict in the infant stage is Trust vs. Mistrust. Infants whose needs are met view the world as a safe place, while inconsistent care fosters mistrust.
12
Question
What is the conflict during the toddler stage in Erikson's theory?
Answer
The conflict during the toddler stage is Autonomy vs. Shame or Doubt, where toddlers need to assert their abilities.
13
Question
What is the sensorimotor stage in Piaget's theory, and what does it entail?
Answer
The sensorimotor stage (0-2 years) involves practical intelligence through senses and reflex behavior, learning about the world and object permanence.
14
Question
What are the two types of reactions in the sensorimotor stage?
Answer
Primary reactions refer to activities related to a child's own body, while secondary reactions involve activities separate from a child's body, such as hitting a mobile to make it move.
15
Question
What is the final phase of the infant year in the sensorimotor stage?
Answer
The final phase includes coordination of secondary reactions and the ability to exhibit goal-directed behavior.
16
Question
What characterizes the tertiary circular reaction in toddlers?
Answer
The tertiary circular reaction involves using trial and error to discover new means and marks the start of the preoperational period.