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PSYC1201 TEST 1
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PSYC1201 TEST 1
Week 2
Study
1
Question
Unconditional Reinforcers
Answer
Stimuli that increases our behaviours
2
Question
Factors that Influence Reinforcement Effectiveness
Answer
Immediacy, contingency, individual differences, motivating operations
3
Question
Motivating Operations (MO)
Answer
Includes establishing operations (EO) and abolishing operations (AO) /States of deprivation can change a person's desire/interest in items
4
Question
When is an Intermittent Reinforcement Schedule used?
Answer
Used for when a behavior has been learned and now continuing maintenance.
5
Question
Schedules of Reinforcements - INT
Answer
Intermittent reinforcement schedule (INT) - Some but not every instance of a desired behavior is followed by reinforcement. Used for when a behavior has been learned and now continuing maintenance. Reinforcement fading. Easier to do in a natural setting
6
Question
Magnitude
Answer
The amount of reinforcement may vary, but more intensive reinforcement is more effective
7
Question
Contingency
Answer
Stimulus works as a reinforcer if it is consistently given following the specific behavior
8
Question
Immediacy
Answer
For a consequence to be reinforcing, it must occur immediately after a behavior
9
Question
What is an Intermittent Reinforcement Schedule?
Answer
Some but not every instance of a desired behavior is followed by reinforcement.
10
Question
Individual Differences
Answer
Individual preferences are significant to recognize when creating reinforcement plans
11
Question
Types of Reinforcement
Answer
Conditioned reinforcers, secondary reinforcers, social praise, tokens, money
12
Question
Schedules of Reinforcements - CRF
Answer
Continuous reinforcement schedule (CRF) - each instance of the desired behavior is followed by reinforcement. Used for new learners acquisition. Effective for changing behavior. Difficult to maintain in a natural setting
13
Question
What is Reinforcement fading?
Answer
When a skill sis mastered at a high level, the prompt is faded to a less intrusive prompt
Week3
Study
1
Question
Variable Interval
Answer
The number of responses has no impact on the amount or frequency of reinforcement, only time
2
Question
Variable Interval
Answer
Reinforcement occurs when a desired behaviour happens for a random duration of time around a set
3
Question
Fixed Interval
Answer
The rate of responding would drop after reinforcement and then increase around the time reinforcement was given
4
Question
Fixed Interval
Answer
The number of responses has no impact on the amount or frequency of reinforcement only time
5
Question
Fixed Interval
Answer
Reinforcement occurs when a desired behaviour happens after a set amount of time
6
Question
Variable Ratio
Answer
Reinforcement is provided after an average amount of responses have occurred / produced high and steady states of responding
7
Question
Fixed Ratio
Answer
When a set number of behaviours is followed by reinforcement
8
Question
Types of Intermittent Schedules of Reinforcement
Answer
Fixed Ratio, Variable Ratio, Fixed Interval, Variable Interval,
9
Question
Intermittent Reinforcement
Answer
SOME behaviour is followed with reinforcement / facing or generalization of behaviour
10
Question
Continuous Reinforcers
Answer
Each instance of behaviour is followed with reinforcement / new behaviour
Week4
Study
1
Question
Answer
2
Question
Immediacy
Answer
The ability to provide reinforcement directly AFTER a behaviour
3
Question
Frequency
Answer
Fixed Ratio/Variable Ratio ... Fixed Interval/Variable Interval
4
Question
Factors to Influence the Response
Answer
Frequency (SOR), Immediacy, Magnitude, Response Effort
5
Question
Matching Law
Answer
Behaviour Principle that states behaviour occurs in proportion to the reinforcement available
6
Question
Concurrent Schedule
Answer
2 or more reinforcement schedules are working simultaneously/ schedules are independent/ working on 2 behaviours
7
Question
Conjunction Schedule
Answer
Sets up 2 types of schedules and both must be met for reinforcement to occur
8
Question
Alternative Schedule
Answer
Sets up 2 types of schedules and whichever one is met first allows access to the reinforcement
9
Question
Tandem Schedule
Answer
In successive order with no cue to let the person know next expected step OR when reinforcement is possible
10
Question
Chained Schedule
Answer
Can have 2 or more basic schedules but there is an SD (discriminative stimulus) that cues each independent schedule about to start
11
Question
Mixed Schedules
Answer
At least 2 different schedules, no signal to indicate which schedule is occurring
12
Question
Multiple Schedules
Answer
2 or more basic schedules occurring and are successive and independent
13
Question
Compound Schedules of Reinforcement will have:
Answer
Continuous Reinforcement (CRF), Intermittent Schedules of Reinforcement, Differential Reinforcement OR various rates of responding, and Extinction
14
Question
Reinforcement Increases
Answer
Frequency, Duration, Intensity, Latency
15
Question
Variable Interval
Answer
Given for first response after a variable amount of time
16
Question
Fixed Interval
Answer
Given for the first response after set time
17
Question
Variable Ratio
Answer
Given after average number of set responses
18
Question
Fixed Ratio
Answer
Given after a set number of responses
Untitled Flashcards
Study
1
Question
Prompting: Least to Most
Answer
Start with the lowest level prompt and then gradually increase ONLY to the level required for the person to complete the task
2
Question
Prompting: Most to least
Answer
The most intrusive prompt is where assistance is started and then fade backwards/ no physical prompting
3
Question
Extrastimulus Prompt
Answer
Involves adding a stimulus to help the person make a correct discrimination and evoke the desired behaviour
4
Question
Within-Stimulus
Answer
Different ways to change the stimuli itself to increase the desired behaviour
5
Question
Physical Prompt
Answer
The person makes physical contact to assist the person in completing the desired behaviour/ Partial or full physical
6
Question
Modeling Prompt
Answer
The person showing/demonstrating the desired behaviour/ Does not show what do do
7
Question
Gestural Prompt
Answer
Physical motioning to increase the probability of a desired behaviour/ Does not show what to do
8
Question
Verbal Prompt
Answer
Words added to assist in the probability of desired behaviour occurring/ Instructions, rules, hints, reminders etc
9
Question
Stimulus Prompts
Answer
Involves some change in a stimulus OR the addition OR removal of a stimulus to make a correct response more likely
10
Question
Response Prompts
Answer
The behaviour of a person that evokes the behaviour of the person in the presence of the discriminative stimuli (SD) / Verbal, Gestural, Modeling, Physical
11
Question
Types of Prompts
Answer
Response and Stimulus,
12
Question
Fading
Answer
The gradual reduction and then elimination of prompts so that the desired behaviour occurs in the presence of the SD
13
Question
Prompting
Answer
The process of applying a functional but irrelevant discriminative stimuli that assist in evoking the correct response
14
Question
Prompt
Answer
An additional discriminative stimuli that assists the individual in providing the correct response so that reinforcement can occur
Week6
Study
1
Question
Response Generalization
Answer
An individual will give the same response to similar stimuli/ does not have to be taught the response to each stimuli
2
Question
Stimulus Generalization
Answer
An individual will respond the same way to different stimuli/ might be very slow
3
Question
Stimulus Fading
Answer
Prompts around the stimuli are removed until the natural discriminative stimuli evoke the correct response
4
Question
Prompt Delay: Disadvantages
Answer
Some individuals may never emit the response without assistance/ Incorrect responses are possible in the pauses
5
Question
Prompt Delay: Advantages
Answer
Provides learners extra time to respond/ Training stimuli does not need to be modified
6
Question
Prompt Delay
Answer
No correct response is initially provided/ The purpose is to allow time for the individual to respond independently before receiving the prompt