Explore
Login
Register
/
Chapter 1
Clone
Register
Report Bug
Chapter 1
Flashcard Deck
Study
What are the basic elements of a computer system overview according to William Stallings?
Processor, Main Memory, IO Modules, System Bus
What does the operating system do in a computer system?
Exploits the hardware resources of one or more processors, provides a set of services to system users, manages secondary memory and IO devices
What is the function of the Processor in a computer system?
Controls the operation of the computer, performs data processing functions, referred to as the Central Processing Unit (CPU)
What is the role of Main Memory in a computer system?
Stores programs and data, volatile, referred to as real memory or primary memory
What does IO Modules do in a computer system?
Handles input/output operations, interacts with external devices like printers, keyboards, monitors, etc.
What is the purpose of the System Bus in a computer system?
Provides communication between different components of the computer system, allows data transfer between processors, memory, and IO devices
What is the role of IO Modules?
Moves data between the computer and external environments such as storage, communications equipment, and terminals.
What is the function of System Bus?
Provides for communication among processors, main memory, and IO modules.
What are the main components of the computer system as shown in the diagram?
Processor, Main Memory, IO Modules, System Bus.
What are the registers shown in the diagram?
PC (Program Counter), IR (Instruction Register), MAR (Memory Address Register), MBR (Memory Buffer Register), IO AR (Input/output Address Register), IO BR (Input/output Buffer Register).
What is the purpose of the Execution unit in the CPU?
It reads and executes instructions fetched from memory.
What is the basic unit of a program?
A set of instructions stored in memory.
What does the Program Counter (PC) do in a processor?
Holds the address of the instruction to be fetched next and is incremented after each fetch.
What is the function of the Instruction Register (IR) in a processor?
The fetched instruction is loaded into the Instruction Register (IR) for interpretation by the processor.
What are the stages involved in the processor's instruction execution cycle?
Fetch Stage and Execute Stage.
Describe the steps involved in the instruction execution cycle: Step 1
PC 300, CPU Registers: 0 0 1 9 4 0, Memory: 301 5 9 4 1 302 2 9 4 1 940 0 0 0 3 941 0 0 0 2, AC IR: 1 9 4 0.
Describe the steps involved in the instruction execution cycle: Step 2
PC 300, CPU Registers: 3 0 1 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 5 1 9 4 0 301 5 9 4 1 302 2 9 4 1 940 0 0 0 3 941 0 0 0 2, AC IR: 5 9 4 1.
Describe the steps involved in the instruction execution cycle: Step 3
PC 300, CPU Registers: 3 0 2 1 9 4 0 301 5 9 4 1 302 2 9 4 1 1 940 0 0 0 3 941 0 0 0 2, AC IR: 5 9 4 1.
Describe the steps involved in the instruction execution cycle: Step 4
PC 300, CPU Registers: 3 0 1.
What are the contents of memory and registers in hexadecimal in Figure 14 of the example of program execution?
3 0 1 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 5 1 9 4 0 301 5 9 4 1 302 2 9 4 1 940 0 0 0 3 941 0 0 0 2 AC IR 5 9 4 1
What does Step 3 involve in the program execution process?
PC: 300, CPU Registers Memory: 3 0 2 1 9 4 0 301 5 9 4 1 302 2 9 4 1 1 940 0 0 0 3 941 0 0 0 2 AC IR 5 9 4 1
What interrupts the normal sequencing of the processor and why are they provided?
Interrupts interrupt the normal sequencing of the processor, provided to improve processor utilization as most IO devices are slower than the processor, and the processor must pause to wait for the device, avoiding wasteful use of the processor.
What are Interrupts?
Interrupts interrupt the normal sequencing of the processor.
Why are Interrupts provided?
Provided to improve processor utilization as most IO devices are slower than the processor, and the processor must pause to wait for the device, which is a wasteful use of the processor.
What are common classes of interrupts that can flow control without interrupts?
Short IO wait, long IO wait
What is the system utility that can take a long time without interrupts?
IO Program
What occurs during interrupts short IO wait in the flow of control?
User Program writes, IO Program writes, IO Program executes IO command, Interrupt handler ends with 1, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5b
What occurs during interrupts long IO wait in the flow of control?
User Program writes, IO Program executes IO command, Interrupt handler ends with 1, 4, 5c
What is the state of the system during the instruction cycle with interrupts?
Interrupts can flow control and affect the flow of instructions
What is the Program Status Word (PSW) used for in interrupt processing?
A word of bits representing the current state of the interrupted program, including condition codes and kernel/user mode bit.
