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Untitled Flashcards
Study
What is the defense mechanism described as overachievement in one area to offset deficiencies in another area?
Compensation
What is the term for the defense mechanism where a diminutive man becomes emperor to compensate for his height?
Napoleon complex
In denial, what is the individual failing to acknowledge or admit?
Unbearable condition or reality of a situation
Which defense mechanism involves expressing emotional conflicts through physical symptoms?
Conversion
What is the term for ventilating intense feelings towards less threatening persons?
Displacement
What is the term for expressing an emotional conflict through the development of a physical symptom, usually sensorimotor in nature?
Conversion
Give an example of conversion as a defense mechanism.
A teenager forbidden to see X-rated movies is tempted to do so by friends and develops blindness, being unconcerned about the loss of sight.
What defense mechanism involves failure to acknowledge an unbearable condition or the reality of a situation?
Denial
Provide an example of denial as a defense mechanism.
A diabetic person eating chocolate candy despite knowing it is harmful for their health.
Which defense mechanism involves ventilating intense feelings towards persons less threatening than the one who aroused those feelings?
Displacement
Give an example of displacement as a defense mechanism.
A person who is mad at their boss yells at their spouse instead.
What defense mechanism involves dealing with emotional conflict by temporarily altering consciousness or identity?
Dissociation
Provide an example of dissociation as a defense mechanism.
An adult who remembers nothing of childhood sexual abuse.
What is the term for immobilization of a portion of the personality due to unsuccessful completion of tasks in a developmental stage?
Fixation
Give an example of fixation as a defense mechanism.
Never learning to delay gratification, leading to impulsive behaviors in adulthood.
Which defense mechanism involves modeling actions and opinions of influential others while searching for identity?
Identification
Provide an example of identification as a defense mechanism.
A nursing student becoming a critical care nurse because it is the specialty of an instructor she admires.
What defense mechanism involves separating emotions from facts in a painful event or situation?
Intellectualization
Give an example of intellectualization as a defense mechanism.
Acknowledging the facts of a situation, such as a serious illness, but not expressing or dealing with the emotional impact.
Fixation
Immobilization of a portion of the personality resulting from unsuccessful completion of tasks in a developmental stage
Delay of gratification
Never learning to delay gratification
Identification
Modeling actions and opinions of influential others while searching for identity or aspiring to reach a personal social or occupational goal
Intellectualization
Separation of the emotions of a painful event or situation from the facts involved, acknowledging the facts but not the emotions
Introjection
Accepting another person's attitudes, beliefs, and values as one's own
Projection
Unconscious blaming of unacceptable inclinations or thoughts on an external object
Rationalization
Excusing own behavior to avoid guilt, responsibility, conflict, anxiety, or loss of self-respect
Reaction formation
Acting the opposite of what one thinks or feels
Regression
Moving back to a previous developmental stage
thought about same-gender sexual relationship but never had one beats a man who is gay
Reaction formation - Acting the opposite of what one thinks or feels
Person with many prejudices loudly identifies others as bigots
Projection - Attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts or feelings onto others
Untitled Flashcards
Study
What is the term for consciously excluding unacceptable thoughts and feelings from conscious awareness?
Suppression
displacement
Releasing intense emotions towards less threatening individuals
At what level of awareness do most defense mechanisms operate?
Unconscious level
Give an example of exhibiting acceptable behavior to make up for or negate unacceptable behavior. (undoing)
A man who is ruthless in business donates large amounts of money to charity
In the example of a diabetic person eating chocolate candy, which defense mechanism is being demonstrated?
Denial
Explain the defense mechanism of denial
Failure to acknowledge an unbearable condition or admit the reality of a situation
Describe the defense mechanism of conversion
Expression of an emotional conflict through the development of a physical symptom, usually sensorimotor in nature
Which defense mechanism involves separation of the emotions of a painful event or situation from the facts involved?
Intellectualization
Rationalization
Excusing own behavior to avoid guilt, responsibility, conflict, anxiety, or loss of self-respect; Student blames failure on the teacher being mean; Man says he beats his wife because she does not listen to him
What defense mechanism is being described when a woman who never wanted to have children becomes a supermom?
Reaction formation
Who based his theory of childhood development on the belief that sexual energy was the driving force of human behavior?
Freud
Projection
Unconscious blaming of unacceptable inclinations or thoughts on an external object; Man who has thought about same-gender sexual relationship but never had one beats a man who is gay; Person with many prejudices loudly identifies others as bigots
At what age range does the phallic/oedipal stage of psychosexual development occur according to Freud?
3-5 years
At what age range does the oral stage of psychosexual development occur according to Freud?
Birth to 18 months
Identification
Modeling actions and opinions of influential others while searching for identity or aspiring to reach a personal, social, or occupational goal
Regression
Moving back to a previous developmental stage
Give an example of displacement as a defense mechanism
Ventilating intense feelings toward persons who are less threatening than the actual source of arousal
What is the driving force of human behavior according to Freud's theory of childhood development?
Sexual energy, termed libido
What defense mechanism is being described when a 5-year-old asks for a bottle when a new baby brother is being fed?
Regression
What is the term for overt or covert antagonism toward remembering or processing anxiety-producing information?
Resistance
What defense mechanism is being described when a man pouts like a 4-year-old if he is not the center of his girlfriend's attention?
Regression
Give an example of Undoing behavior.
A person who cannot think about their son's death right now.
What are the Five Stages of Psychosexual Development according to Freud?
Oral, Anal, Phallicoedipal, Latency, Genital
Define conversion as a defense mechanism
Expressing emotional conflicts through the development of physical symptoms, usually related to movement and sensation
Introjection
Accepting another person's attitudes, beliefs, and values as one's own; Person who dislikes guns becomes an avid hunter, just like a best friend
What does a person exhibit when they engage in acceptable behavior to make up for or negate unacceptable behavior?
Undoing
At what age range does the anal stage of psychosexual development occur according to Freud?
18-36 months
Give an example of denial as a defense mechanism
A person diagnosed with cancer refuses to talk about their illness
How does compensation work as a defense mechanism?
By overachieving in one area to make up for deficiencies in another area
Remembering nothing of childhood sexual abuse
dissociation
Untitled Flashcards
Study
What is the characteristic of the prototaxic mode in infancy and childhood?
Brief unconnected experiences with no relationship to one another
What do adults with schizophrenia exhibit in terms of experiences?
Persistent prototaxic experiences
When does the parataxic mode begin and what does it involve?
Begins in early childhood; involves connecting experiences in sequence with the child not making logical sense of them
How does a child in the parataxic mode view experiences?
May see them as coincidence or chance events
How does a child in the parataxic mode seek to relieve anxiety?
By repeating familiar experiences, even if not understanding their actions
How did Sullivan explain paranoid ideas and slips of the tongue in relation to the parataxic mode?
As a person operating in the parataxic mode
When does the syntaxic mode begin and what does it involve?
Begins to appear in school-aged children; involves perceiving oneself and the world in the context of the environment and analyzing experiences in various settings
How is maturity defined according to Sullivan?
As the predominance of the syntaxic mode
What are the primary characteristics of each life stage according to Sullivan's Life Stages table? (Infancy)
Birth to onset of language; primary need for bodily contact and tenderness; dominance of prototaxic mode with no relation between experiences; primary zones are oral and anal
What are the primary characteristics of each life stage according to Sullivan's Life Stages table? (Childhood)
Language to 5 years; view parents as a source of praise and acceptance; shift to parataxic mode with connected experiences in sequence; primary zone is anal; gratification leads to positive self-esteem; moderate anxiety leads to uncertainty and insecurity, while severe anxiety leads to dread and anxiety
What are the stages in Sullivan's Life Stages model?
Infancy, Childhood, Juvenile, Preadolescence, Adolescence
What is the focus of the Infancy stage according to Sullivan's Life Stages model?
Primary need exists for bodily contact and tenderness
What dominates in the Prototaxic mode during Infancy according to Sullivan's Life Stages model?
Prototaxic mode dominates, with no relation between experiences
What are the primary zones in the Infancy stage according to Sullivan's Life Stages model?
Oral and anal
What happens if an infant's needs are met during the Infancy stage according to Sullivan's Life Stages model?
Infant has a sense of wellbeing
What happens if an infant's needs are unmet during the Infancy stage according to Sullivan's Life Stages model?
Unmet needs lead to dread and anxiety
What shift occurs in Childhood according to Sullivan's Life Stages model?
Shift to parataxic mode, where experiences are connected in sequence to each other
What is the primary zone in the Childhood stage according to Sullivan's Life Stages model?
Anal
What leads to positive self-esteem in the Childhood stage according to Sullivan's Life Stages model?
Gratification
What may moderate anxiety lead to in the Childhood stage according to Sullivan's Life Stages model?
Uncertainty and insecurity
What may severe anxiety lead to in the Childhood stage according to Sullivan's Life Stages model?
Self-defeating patterns of behavior
What shift occurs in the Juvenile stage according to Sullivan's Life Stages model?
Shift to the syntaxic mode
What begins in the Juvenile stage according to Sullivan's Life Stages model?
Thinking about self and others based on analysis of experiences in a variety of situations
What may severe anxiety result in during the Juvenile stage according to Sullivan's Life Stages model?
A need to control or in restrictive prejudicial attitudes
What major shift occurs in the Preadolescence stage according to Sullivan's Life Stages model?
Shift to syntaxic mode occurs
What capacity emerges or fails to develop in the Preadolescence stage according to Sullivan's Life Stages model?
Capacity for attachment, love, and collaboration emerges or fails to develop
What is added to the interpersonal equation in the Preadolescence stage according to Sullivan's Life Stages model?
Lust
What new opportunities arise in the Adolescence stage according to Sullivan's Life Stages model?
New opportunities for social experimentation
What leads to the consolidation of self-esteem in the Adolescence stage according to Sullivan's Life Stages model?
Social experimentation and consolidation of self-esteem
What age range is considered pre-adolescence?
8-12 years
