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Organic Medicinal Chemistry

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SAR: 1. DQWLEDFWHULDODFWLYLWXSWRRQO, 2. QRQSRODUZDWHUVROXELOLWDQWLEDFWHULDODFWLYLW, 3. Branching decreases antibacterial property except isopropyl alcohol - more potent, cheaper, less toxic. 60% EtOH, 40% Isopropyl Alcohol, 4. Isomeric alcohol potency decreases in the order: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, MOA: Protein denaturation/precipitation, Alcohol USP - ethanol, grain alcohol, wine spirit, cologne spirit, spiritus vini rectificatus - most widely abused of all recreational drugs, commercial ethanol. Manufactured by: Fermentation of grains and other CHOs, Hydration of ethene. Metabolism: Ethanol to Acetaldehyde - Enzyme: alcohol dehydrogenase; Acetaldehyde to Acetic acid - Enzyme: aldehyde dehydrogenase, DRUGS THAT INTERFERE WITH ALCOHOL METABOLISM: a. Fomepizole - Inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase, Used as an antidote for methanol poisoning, b. Disulfiram - used as a deterrent for alcohol addiction, inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase, accumulation of aldehyde, extreme hangover-like symptoms, nausea, vomiting, vasodilatory flushing, Types of Alcohols: Absolute alcohol - 95% alcohol, Dehydrated alcohol - 99% alcohol prepared by azeotropic distillation, Diluted alcohol - 49-50% alcohol, Denatured alcohol - EtOH rendered unfit for use in beverages by the addition of substances, Completely denatured alcohol contains added wood alcohol and benzene, unsuitable for internal or external use.

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1. DQWLEDFWHULDODFWLYLWXSWRRQO
2. QRQSRODUZDWHUVROXELOLWDQWLEDFWHULDODFWLYLW
3. Branching decreases antibacterial property except isopropyl alcohol:
- more potent
- cheaper
- less toxic (60% EtOH, 40% Isopropyl Alcohol)
4. Isomeric alcohol potency decreases in the order: Primary > Secondary > Tertiary
MOA: Protein denaturation/precipitation
1. Alcohol USP (ethanol, grain alcohol, wine spirit, cologne spirit, spiritus vini rectificatus): most widely abused of all recreational drugs
- Manufactured by fermentation of grains and other CHOs
- Metabolism: Ethanol to Acetaldehyde (Enzyme: alcohol dehydrogenase), Acetaldehyde to Acetic acid (Enzyme: aldehyde dehydrogenase)
DRUGS THAT INTERFERE WITH ALCOHOL METABOLISM:
- Fomepizole: inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase, used as an antidote for methanol poisoning
- Disulfiram: used as a deterrent for alcohol addiction, inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase, accumulation of aldehyde, extreme hangover-like symptoms, nausea, vomiting, vasodilatory flushing
Types of Alcohols:
- Absolute alcohol (95% alcohol)
- Dehydrated alcohol (99% alcohol, prepared by azeotropic distillation)
- Diluted alcohol (49-50% alcohol)
- Denatured alcohol: EtOH rendered unfit for use in beverages by the addition of substances, completely denatured alcohol contains added wood alcohol and benzene, unsuitable for internal or external use

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