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NCM 112 RLE
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NCM 112 RLE
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What is the definition of the Pre-operative Phase?
The Pre-operative Phase begins when the client decides to have surgery and ends when the client is transferred to the operating bed.
What are the five types of surgery based on urgency?
a. Emergent b. Urgent c. Required d. Elective e. Optional
requires immediate intervention due to a life-threatening condition
Emergent
necessary for the client's health, but the timing can be planned
Required
equires prompt intervention, but not immediately life-threatening
Urgent
What are the key nursing activities during the Pre-operative Phase?
The key nursing activities during the Pre-operative Phase include: a. Assessment of the client b. Identification of potential or actual health problems. c. Planning specific care based on the individual’s needs d. Pre-operative teaching, including the client and support persons
Briefly explain each type of surgery based on urgency.
a. Emergent: requires immediate intervention due to a life-threatening condition. b. Urgent: requires prompt intervention, but not immediately life-threatening. c. Required: necessary for the client's health, but the timing can be planned. d. Elective: the client chooses to have the surgery for improved quality of life. e. Optional: the client chooses to have the surgery for personal reasons.
What is the purpose of 'Diagnostic' surgery?
Diagnostic surgery is performed to confirm a suspected diagnosis.
What is the purpose of 'Curative' surgery?
Curative surgery is aimed at repairing or removing a damaged body organ to cure a disease.
What is the purpose of 'Palliative' surgery?
Palliative surgery is performed to alleviate pain.
What is the purpose of 'Reconstructive' surgery?
Reconstructive surgery is used to repair physical deformities or for plastic surgery.
What is the purpose of 'Transplantation' surgery?
Transplantation surgery involves replacing a diseased or damaged organ with either a donated or artificial organ.
What are some of the 'DO’s' when conducting a pre-operative visit?
- Ensuring the client is well-informed about the procedure. - Providing complete information, including risks. - Offering support to address any concerns.
What are some of the 'DON’T’s' during a pre-operative visit?
- Avoiding hasty decisions without informed consent. - Not withholding information about treatment and risks. - Refraining from neglecting the client's need for information and reassurance.
What is the definition of 'Informed Consent' in the context of a pre-operative visit?
Informed Consent is an agreement by a client to accept a course of treatment or a procedure after complete information, including the risk of treatment and related facts, has been provided by the physician.
What are the diagnostic tests typically conducted before surgery?
Diagnostic tests conducted before surgery may include: a. CP clearance b. Urinalysis c. CBC (Complete Blood Count) d. X-ray e. FBS (Fasting Blood Sugar)
Why is it important to conduct diagnostic tests before surgery?
Diagnostic tests are essential to assess the patient's overall health, identify any underlying conditions, and ensure they are fit for the surgical procedure. These tests help in planning and managing the surgery effectively.
When does the Intraoperative Phase begin and end?
The Intraoperative Phase begins when the client is transferred to the operating room and ends when the client is admitted to the post-anesthesia area or recovery room.
What are the key activities performed during the Intraoperative Phase to provide comprehensive care during surgery?
Activities during the Intraoperative Phase include: - Assessing the client's physiologic and psychologic status. - Reviewing diagnostic test and lab study results. - Positioning the client for surgery. - Performing the surgical skin preparation. - Assisting in preparing the sterile field. - Opening and dispensing sterile supplies. - Monitoring and maintaining a safe, aseptic environment. - Managing catheters, tubes, drains, and specimens. - Performing sponge, sharps, and instrument counts. - Administering medications and solutions to the sterile field. - Documenting nursing care and the client's response to interventions.
What is the primary focus of the Intraoperative Phase?
The primary focus of the Intraoperative Phase is to provide the client with comprehensive, safe, and effective care during the surgical procedure.
What are the two main factors that govern the choice of surgical incisions?
The two main factors governing surgical incisions are direction and location.
What does surgical skin preparation involve, and why is it done?
Surgical skin preparation involves cleaning the surgical site, removing hair (or shaving the operative site if necessary), and applying an antibacterial agent. It is done to reduce the risk of post-operative wound infection.
What is the purpose of skin preparation in surgery, and how is it achieved?
The purpose of skin preparation is to reduce the risk of post-operative wound infection. This is achieved by: - Removing soil and transient microbes from the skin. - Reducing the resident microbial count to sub-pathogenic amounts quickly and with minimal tissue irritation. - Inhibiting rapid rebound growth of microbes.
What should a nurse do when inspecting the prospective surgical area, and why is this important?
The nurse should inspect the prospective surgical area for growths, moles, rashes, pustules, irritations, abrasions, bruises, or any broken or ischemic areas. This should be recorded and reported to the surgeon to ensure the safety of the surgical procedure.
Why is it essential for a nurse to determine if a client is allergic to any solutions used in skin preparation?
It is crucial to determine if a client is allergic to any solutions used in skin preparation to prevent allergic reactions or complications during or after surgery.
What is the recommended concentration of iodine or iodophors for effective antiseptic use in surgery?
The recommended concentration is 1.5% or 2% in water or in 70% alcohol.
What are iodophors, and how are they different from plain iodine?
Iodophors, such as Betadine Surgical scrub, are iodine complexes combined with detergents, making them more suitable for surgical use.
What additional properties does Povidone-iodine (iodophor) have, making it an excellent antiseptic?
Povidone-iodine has a surfactant, wetting, and dispersive agent, enhancing its antiseptic properties.
How does iodophor in 70% alcohol function during skin cleansing, and what are its characteristics?
Iodophor in 70% alcohol is an excellent cleansing agent that removes debris from the skin surfaces while slowly releasing iodine.
