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Pharm Flashcards
Flashcard Deck
Study
Excipient
An inactive ingredient added to a drug formulation to provide stability, improve taste or texture, or aid in drug delivery
Antibiotic
Kills living organisms (bactericidal agents)
Analgesic
Relieves pain
Example of Analgesic
Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin)
Example of Antibiotic
Penicillin V, Erythromycin, Metronidazole
Example of Antiemetic
Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (Benadryl), Dimenhydrinate (Gravol, Dramamine), Doxylamine pyridoxine (Diclectin)
Antiemetic
Reduces or stops vomiting (Antinauseant)
Antifungal
Kills fungi including yeast
Example of Antifungal
Miconazole (Monistat)
Antiinflammatory
Decreases inflammatory response
Example of Antiinflammatory
Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin), Ibuprofen (Motrin)
Antiprotozoal antibiotic amoebicide
Kills anaerobic bacteria and protozoa
Antipyretic
Reduces fever
Example of Antiprotozoal antibiotic amoebicide
Metronidazole (Flagyl)
Example of Antipyretic
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
Cervical Ripener
Causes the cervix to soften
Example of Cervical Ripener
Prostaglandin E2, dinoprostone (Prepidil)
Pharmacodynamics
Refers to what a drug does to the body. It explains the effects, both intended and unintended, that a drug has once it has reached its site of action.
Affinity
Refers to the strength of the binding between a drug and its receptor.
Drug-Receptor Complex
Formed when a drug binds to its specific receptor.
Pharmacodynamics
Refers to what a drug does to the body. It explains the effects, both intended and unintended, that a drug has once it has reached its site of action.
Drug actions
Can be described from several different perspectives: cellular level, organism level, and population level.
Cellular level
Describes drug actions on a cellular level.
Efficacy
Refers to the maximum effect that a drug can produce.
Potency
Refers to the amount of drug required to produce a certain effect.
Second messengers
Explained in Chapter 4, these are molecules involved in transmitting signals from receptors to target molecules.
Autonomic nervous system
An overview of the autonomic nervous system is provided in Chapter 5.
Affinity
The binding of drugs and receptors occurs at a certain rate called the association rate. The dissociation rate describes how quickly the drug detaches or dissociates from its receptor.
Dissociation constant (Kd)
The ratio of the rate of breakdown to the rate of formation of the drug-receptor complex. Drugs with a high dissociation constant do not bind well to their receptors.
Drug-receptor complex
For most drugs, the first step to having any effect is binding to a receptor on the cell surface. A receptor is normally a protein or glycoprotein that sits on the cell surface and if a drug binds to its receptor, it forms a drug-receptor complex.
