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NUTRI DIE
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NUTRI DIE
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Lipid
Any of a group of organic compounds, including the fats, oils, waxes, sterols, and triglycerides, that are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar organic solvents, are oily to the touch.
Fat
Any of various soft, solid, or semisolid organic compounds constituting the esters of glycerol and fatty acids and their associated organic groups.
Oil
A liquid at room temperature soluble in various organic solvents such as ether but not in water.
Cholesterol
A form of fat in animal origin that is a factor in the development of heart disease.
Transfats
Fatty acids that are produced when polyunsaturated oil is hydrogenated to make them more solid. They raise the level of blood cholesterol.
Hydrogenated fats
Unsaturated oil that has undergone hydrogenation to make them more solid and less resistant to heat.
Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)
A complex of lipids and proteins, with greater amounts of lipid than protein, that transports cholesterol in the blood. High levels are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease.
High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)
A complex of lipids and proteins in approximately equal amounts that functions as a transporter of cholesterol in the blood. High levels are associated with a decreased risk of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease.
Essential Amino Acids
Amino acids that are necessary for good health but cannot be produced by the body and must be supplied in the diet.
Non-Essential Amino Acids
Amino acids that are produced by the body and not as necessary in the diet.
Complete Protein
Proteins that contain all essential amino acids in sufficient quantities to supply the body's needs. Sources include proteins from animals.
Incomplete Protein
Proteins that are deficient in one or more essential amino acids. Sources include plant-based foods such as grains, legumes, seeds, and nuts.
Heart Disease
A common disease that affects the heart and blood vessels, often caused by factors such as high cholesterol levels and high blood pressure.
Cancer
A group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. Common types include prostate, pancreas, kidney, breast, and colon cancer.
Osteoporosis
A condition characterized by a decrease in bone density, making them weak and brittle. Common in older adults, especially women.
Weight Control
The practice of maintaining a healthy body weight through a combination of proper diet and exercise.
Kidney Diseases
Diseases that affect the kidneys, impairing their ability to filter waste and excess fluids from the blood. Can lead to kidney failure if left untreated.
Ketosis
A metabolic state in which the body is primarily using ketone bodies for energy instead of glucose. Can occur during prolonged fasting or a low-carbohydrate diet.
Vitamins
Complex organic compounds that are required in small amounts for the normal functioning of the body. They are essential for growth, development, and maintaining good health.
Minerals
Inorganic substances that are essential for the proper functioning of the body. They are involved in numerous physiological processes and are necessary for good health.
Deficient in one or more essential amino acids
Incomplete Protein
Sources of proteins
Plant (grains, legumes, seeds and nuts); Meat (beef, pork, lamb); Poultry (chicken, turkey, duck); Fish; Dairy Products (milk, yogurt, cheese)
Functions of Proteins
1) Used in repairing worn out body tissue 2) Source of heat and energy 3) Contribute to numerous essential body secretions (mucus, milk, sperm cells) 4) Keeping fluids and pH balanced in the body 5) Play a large role in the resistance of the body to diseases 6) Contributing to enzyme activity that promotes chemical reactions in the body 7) Signalling cells what to do and when to do it 8) Transporting substances around the body 9) Serving as building blocks for hormone production 10) Helping blood clot 11) Serving as structural components that give our body parts their shapes
Common Diseases related to protein deficiency
1) Heart Disease 2) Cancer (prostate, pancreas, kidney, breast and colon) 3) Osteoporosis 4) Weight control 5) Kidney Diseases 6) Ketosis 7) Protein-Energy Malnutrition
VITAMINS & MINERALS
VITAMINS: Complex organic compounds that regulate body processes and maintain body tissue MINERALS: Inorganic substances that are essential for human health
Vitamin Terminologies
Precursor or Provitamins: Compounds that can be changed to active vitamins (e.g. Carotene are precursors to Vit. A) Preformed Vitamins: Naturally occurring inactive forms of vitamins ready for biological use (e.g. animal sources)
Avitaminosis
Severe lack of vitamins (e.g. Avitaminosis A leads to night blindness)
Hypervitaminosis
Excessive accumulation of vitamins in the body (Vitamin toxicity)
Fat Soluble Vitamins
Vitamins that can be absorbed in the presence of fat and stored in the body, including Vit. A, D, E, and K
Functions of Vitamin A
1) Vision: Necessary component of visual purple (rhodopsin) for adjustment to light and dark 2) Maintenance of epithelial tissues 3) Growth 4) Immune system regulation 5) Skin and mucous membrane function as barriers to infection
