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Conjunctivitis
Inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva.
Parts of the conjunctiva
Bulbar conjunctiva (covers the globe) and tarsal conjunctiva (lines the eyelids inner surface)
Most common cause of conjunctivitis
Viral conjunctivitis
Other common causes of conjunctivitis
Bacterial conjunctivitis, allergic conjunctivitis, toxin-induced conjunctivitis
Acute conjunctivitis
Symptom duration of 3 to 4 weeks, usually lasting 1 to 2 weeks
conjunctivitis may also be associated with :
Chronic conjunctivitis
Lasting more than four weeks
Pathophysiology of conjunctivitis
Inflammation of the conjunctiva, resulting in redness, edema, and discharge
Common causes of non-infectious conjunctivitis
Allergens, toxins, local irritants
Most common bacterial pathogens causing conjunctivitis in adults
Staphylococcal species, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae
Most common cause of viral conjunctivitis
Adenoviruses
Subtypes of adenoviral conjunctivitis
Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) , pink eye, pharyngoconjunctival fever (PCF)
Common cause of herpetic conjunctivitis
Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
Viral conjunctivitis with high fever, pharyngitis, and lymph node enlargement
Pharyngoconjunctival fever
Treatment for herpetic conjunctivitis
Topical antiviral agents to reduce virus shedding and prevent keratitis
Viral conjunctivitis with watery discharge, redness, and lymphadenopathy
Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
COVID-19 and conjunctivitis
COVID-19 can cause conjunctivitis along with other respiratory symptoms
First branch of the trigeminal nerve
Involved in conjunctivitis and rhinosinusitis
Second branch of the trigeminal nerve
Involved in conjunctivitis
AHC
Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis
Hemorrhagic conjunctivitis
Caused by picornaviruses and is more severe and hemorrhagic than adenoviral conjunctivitis
Infection
Highly contagious and occurs in epidemics
Retrospective and prospective studies
Show that 1 to 6% of COVID-19 patients display conjunctivitis
