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Integumentary System
The organ system that consists of the skin, hair, nails, and glands, and provides protection, regulation, and sensation.
Histology
The study of tissues and how they are arranged into organs.
Tissue
A group of similar cells and cell products that arise from the same region of an embryo and work together to perform a specific structural or physiological role in an organ.
Epithelial Tissue
Tissue that consists of a flat sheet of closely spaced cells, one or more cells thick, and covers the body surface, lines body cavities, forms the external and internal linings of many organs, and makes up most gland tissue.
Connective Tissue
The most abundant, widely distributed, and variable tissue that provides support, protection, and movement for the body.
Nervous Tissue
Tissue that consists of neurons (nerve cells) and glial cells (supporting cells) and is responsible for detecting stimuli, transmitting signals, and coordinating the body's responses.
Muscular Tissue
Tissue that consists of elongated cells that are specialized to contract and exert force on other tissues and organs.
Gland
A cell or organ that releases substances for use elsewhere in the body or for elimination from the body.
Exocrine Glands
Glands that release their secretions onto a surface by way of ducts.
Endocrine Glands
Glands that release their secretions into the bloodstream and are not equipped with ducts.
Muscular Tissue
Consists of elongated cells that are specialized to contract and exert force on other tissues and organs. There are 3 types of muscle: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth.
Skeletal Muscle
Striated and voluntary muscle. Made up of muscle fibers.
Cardiac Muscle
Striated and involuntary muscle. Made up of myocytes.
Smooth Muscle
Non-striated and involuntary muscle. Found in the walls of hollow organs. Made up of myocytes.
Gland
A cell or organ that releases substances for use elsewhere in the body or for elimination from the body.
Secretion
A product released by a gland that is useful to the body.
Excretion
A waste product released by a gland.
Exocrine Glands
Glands that release their secretions onto a surface or into the cavity of another organ through a duct.
Endocrine Glands
Glands that release their secretions directly into the bloodstream.
Modes of Secretion
Different ways in which glands release their secretions. Examples include serous, mucous, mixed, eccrine, apocrine, and holocrine.
Serous Glands
Produce thin, watery fluid. Examples include perspiration, tears, and digestive juices.
Mucous Glands
Secrete a glycoprotein called mucin, which absorbs water and forms sticky mucus.
Mixed Glands
Contain both mucous cells and serous cells.
Eccrine Glands
Release their products by exocytosis. Packaged in the Golgi Apparatus.
Apocrine Glands
Produce their products in the cytosol, which are then released by budding from the apical cell surface with a thin coating of cytoplasm and plasma membrane.
Holocrine Glands
Gland cells break down entirely and become the secretion.
Mucous Membranes (Mucosa)
Consist of an epithelium overlaying a layer of areolar tissue and often a thin layer of smooth muscle. Have absorptive, secretory, and protective functions. Often covered with mucus.
Serous Membrane (Serosa)
Line the thoracic and abdominal cavities and cover the external surfaces of organs. Composed of simple squamous epithelium resting on a thin layer of areolar connective tissue. Produce watery serous fluid.
Parietal
Line the outside of a cavity.
Visceral
Line the outside of an internal organ or structure.
