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Functions of the Circulatory system
Transportation, Protection, Regulation
Components of the Circulatory system
Heart, Blood vessels, Blood
Cardiovascular system refers to
Heart and blood vessels
Single celled organisms meet their needs by
Diffusion through plasma membranes
Larger animals have cells that are too far from the surface so they need
Blood vessels
Purpose of blood
Transportation, Protection, Regulation
Transportation function of blood
Carries oxygen, nutrients, metabolic waste, hormones, and stem cells
Protection function of blood
Destroys microorganisms and cancer cells, neutralizes toxins, initiates blood clotting
Regulation function of blood
Maintains fluid balance, stabilizes pH, regulates body temperature
Components of blood
Plasma, Red blood cells, White blood cells, Platelets
Plasma
Clear, light-yellow fluid that forms the extracellular matrix of the tissue
Formed elements in blood
Cells and cell fragments
Red blood cells
Most abundant formed elements, pick up oxygen and carbon dioxide
Hematocrit
Percentage of whole blood volume occupied by red blood cells
Blood plasma
Complex mixture of water, proteins, nutrients, wastes, hormones, and gases
Proteins in blood plasma
Albumin, Globulins, Fibrinogen
Albumin
Smallest and most abundant plasma protein, transports solutes, contributes to blood viscosity and osmolarity
Viscosity
Thickness or stickiness of fluid
Osmolarity
Concentration of particles that cannot pass through blood vessel walls
Globulins
Important for immunity, clotting, and transport
Fibrinogen
Soluble precursor for fibrin, forms the framework for blood clot
Production of formed elements
Hematopoiesis
Red blood cells (RBC)
Pick up oxygen and carbon dioxide, lack organelles and nucleus
Erythropoiesis
Production of red blood cells
Hemoglobin
Red iron-containing protein, transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
Erythrocyte life cycle
Average lifespan of 20 days, produced in red bone marrow
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)
Bone marrow stem cell that produces formed elements
Erythropoietin (EPO)
Hormone that stimulates red blood cell production
Hemolysis
Rupture of red blood cells
Blood types
Determined by antigens on the surface of cells
