/
Nursing
Clone
Register
Nursing
Upload an image or PDF
Oxygenation and Perfusion CAD
Study
Collaborative management
The coordinated efforts of multiple healthcare professionals to manage a patient's condition.
Identification of high risk for CAD
The process of identifying individuals who are at an increased risk for coronary artery disease (CAD).
Health history
A collection of information about a patient's past and present health conditions, including their medical history and any preexisting conditions.
Physical history
A record of a patient's physical characteristics and any abnormalities or changes that may be relevant to their health.
Environmental factors
External factors that can contribute to the development or progression of a disease, such as exposure to toxins or pollutants.
Psychosocial
Referring to the influence of psychological and social factors on an individual's health and well-being.
Employment history
A record of a patient's past and present employment, including any occupational hazards or exposures that may impact their health.
Health attitudes
A person's beliefs, opinions, and behaviors related to their health and healthcare practices.
Educational background
A person's level of education and knowledge, which can impact their understanding and ability to manage their health.
Management of risk factors
Strategies and interventions aimed at reducing or controlling the factors that contribute to the development of a disease, such as lifestyle modifications or medication.
Healthy diet
A balanced and nutritious eating plan that is rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats.
Exercise
Physical activity that is planned, structured, and repetitive for the purpose of improving or maintaining physical fitness and overall health.
Medications
Prescribed or over-the-counter drugs used to treat or manage a specific health condition.
Healthy weight
A weight range that is considered optimal for an individual's height, age, and body composition, and is associated with a reduced risk of chronic diseases.
Stop smoking
Cessation of tobacco use, which is an important step in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease and other health problems.
Alcohol
The consumption of alcoholic beverages, which should be done in moderation to minimize the risk of adverse health effects.
Stress reduction
Techniques and activities aimed at reducing or managing stress, such as relaxation exercises, meditation, or counseling.
Antiplatelet therapy
The use of medications that prevent the aggregation of platelets in the blood, which is important for reducing the risk of blood clots and cardiovascular events.
Vasodilators
Medications that cause the blood vessels to relax and widen, which can help to lower blood pressure and improve blood flow.
ACE Inhibitors
A class of medications that inhibit the action of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), which helps to control blood pressure and reduce the workload on the heart.
Beta blockers
Medications that block the effects of adrenaline and reduce heart rate and blood pressure, which can be beneficial in managing cardiovascular conditions.
Calcium channel blockers
Medications that inhibit the movement of calcium into the cells of the heart and blood vessels, which can help to relax the blood vessels and improve blood flow.
Time is muscle
The concept that time is critical in the treatment of a heart attack, and the sooner blood flow is restored to the heart muscle, the better the outcome and chance of preserving heart function.
Initial actions upon presentation
The immediate steps taken when a patient presents with symptoms of a cardiac event, such as assessing the patient, providing oxygen, establishing intravenous access, and obtaining baseline labs and imaging.
ABCs
An acronym for Airway, Breathing, and Circulation, which are the primary focuses in the initial assessment and management of a patient in a critical condition.
Assessment
The process of gathering information and evaluating a patient's condition, including vital signs, symptoms, and medical history, in order to make a diagnosis and develop a treatment plan.
VS
An abbreviation for vital signs, which typically include measurements of the patient's blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature.
Rhythm
The regularity or pattern of electrical impulses in the heart, which can be evaluated through various tests, such as an electrocardiogram (ECG).
Pain
An unpleasant sensation that can range from mild to severe and is often an indicator of tissue damage or disease.
IV access
The establishment of a intravenous route for the administration of fluids, medications, or other treatments directly into the bloodstream.
Dysrhythmias
Study
Dysrhythmias
Abnormal heart rhythm
What is a dysrhythmia?
An abnormal heart rhythm that can affect the normal electrical conduction of the heart
What do dysrhythmias affect?
Normal electrical conduction, depolarization, repolarization, autonomic nervous system
Normal electrical conduction
The normal flow of electrical impulses through the heart
Depolarization
The contraction of the heart muscle cells
Repolarization
The relaxation of the heart muscle cells
Autonomic Nervous System
The part of the nervous system that controls involuntary body functions
Sympathetic Nervous System
The part of the autonomic nervous system that is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response
Parasympathetic Nervous System
The part of the autonomic nervous system that is responsible for the 'rest and digest' response
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
A test that measures the electrical activity of the heart
12 lead ECG
An ECG that uses 12 different leads to measure the electrical activity of the heart from different angles
Bedside Cardiac Monitor
A device that continuously monitors a patient's heart rhythm
Telemetry
A remote monitoring system that allows healthcare providers to monitor a patient's heart rhythm from a central station
Holter Monitor
A portable device that records a patient's heart rhythm for 24-48 hours
Waveforms and Intervals
The different patterns and timings seen on an ECG
P wave
The first peak in an ECG waveform, representing atrial depolarization
QRS Complex
The complex shape in an ECG waveform, representing ventricular depolarization
T wave
The peak in an ECG waveform, representing ventricular repolarization
PR Interval
The time between the P wave and the start of the QRS complex, representing the delay in the AV node
PRI (pregnancy)
P-wave Rate Interval
ST segment
The flat line between the QRS complex and the T wave, representing ventricular repolarization
QT interval
The time from the start of the QRS complex to the end of the T wave, representing ventricular depolarization and repolarization
Determining Heart Rate
Calculating the number of heart beats per minute
Examination of the ECG paper
Analyzing the different components and measurements on the ECG graph paper
Small square
0.04 sec
1500 small squares
6 seconds
Large square
0.20 sec
300 large squares
6 seconds
Methods to approximate HR when regular 6 second strip
Count small or large squares, memorize mnemonic: 300, 150, 100, 75, 60, 50, 43, 32
Rhythm Analysis
Evaluating the regularity and characteristics of the heart rhythm
Acute decompensated heart failure
Study
What is the first-line treatment for acute decompensated heart failure?
Intravenous loop diuretics (e.g. furosemide)
What is the goal of diuretic therapy in acute decompensated heart failure?
To relieve pulmonary congestion and reduce edema
What is the role of vasodilators in the treatment of acute decompensated heart failure?
To reduce afterload and improve cardiac output
Which vasodilators are commonly used in the treatment of acute decompensated heart failure?
Nitroglycerin and nitroprusside
What is the role of inotropic agents in the treatment of acute decompensated heart failure?
To improve myocardial contractility and cardiac output
What are some commonly used inotropic agents in the treatment of acute decompensated heart failure?
Dobutamine and milrinone
What is the role of beta-blockers in the treatment of acute decompensated heart failure?
To reduce heart rate, improve ventricular filling, and prevent arrhythmias
When are beta-blockers contraindicated in the treatment of acute decompensated heart failure?
In the presence of cardiogenic shock or severe hypotension
What is the role of oxygen therapy in the treatment of acute decompensated heart failure?
To correct hypoxemia and reduce myocardial workload
What is the role of fluid restriction in the treatment of acute decompensated heart failure?
To prevent volume overload and reduce edema
View
View
View
