CSR_Module 2 Flashcards
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CSR_Module 2 Flashcards
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what is the moral theory of social contract?
- view that moral and political beliefs and responsibilities are dependent upon a contract or agreement (implicit as well as explicit) between persons who see that a community or state can only be formed and maintained that way.
what is the moral theory of ethics of care?
- comes out of feminist philosophy and literature. - about the quality of the relationships we have, not about some impartial or universal principles.
what are the two types of moral theory of virtue of ethics?
- back in favor among ethicists and policymakers - interested in looking at what a virtuous life consists of, and how best to instill in people those virtues that will allow them to live good lives, lives in which they and their communities thrive. - emphasizes lifelong development of a person’s character, on who that person will be.
What is positive rights?
- those that oblige us to do something on behalf of the rights-holder. example: provision of basic food and shelter, education, fair treatment under the law, basic health care
What is negative rights?
- those that prevent us from interfering with the rights-holder example: rights to life, liberty, expression, pursuit of happiness,
what are the two types of moral theory of rights?
Negative rights and Positive rights
What is the moral theory of Rights?
get inordinately complex but essentially say that how we treat others is a matter of the legitimate claims they can make on us as persons who have certain rights, either inalienable or granted by law
Categorical imperative:
“always act in such a way that you can that the maxim (principle) behind your action can be willed as a universal law
What is the moral theory of Kantian Ethics?
- Named after Immanuel Kant - concerned with duty and motivation – an act’s moral worth depends upon the real reason for which it was done. - morality comes from reason, categorical imperative
What is the moral theory of Utilitarianism?
- one should always act to maximize the greatest good for the greatest number. - interested in consequences and look at consequences to judge whether an act is good or bad, right, or wrong.
What is the moral theory of divine command?
- have a strong monotheistic tradition (believes in one god). - all genuine morality is whatever God commands – something is right because God commands it - relate to God (reason)
What is Normative Ethical Relativism?
claims that each culture’s values, however different, are right for THAT culture.
What is Descriptive Ethical Relativism?
claims that as a matter of fact and observation different cultures DO have different values.
what are the two types of moral theory of relativism?
- Descriptive Ethical Relativism - Normative Ethical Relativism
What is the moral theory of relativism?
The moral theory of relativism posits that there are no universal or absolute moral truths, and that what is morally right or wrong varies from society to society or from individual to individual, depending on their cultural, societal, or personal contexts.
deontological or teological? what is “right” is defined as that which maximizes the “good.”
Teological
deontological or teological? what is “right” is before or independent of what is “good”
Deontological
Deontological Theories
concern themselves with duty, doing what’s right because it is right. Example: Kantian and Divine Command
Teological Theories
concerned with the ends, goals, purposes, or consequences of actions or activities. Example: Utilitarianism
Eight Moral Theories
1. Relativism 2. Divine Command 3. Utilitarianism 4. Kantian Ethics 5. Rights 6. Virtue Ethics 7. Ethics of Care 8. Social Contract
Six Steps to Improve Business Ethics
1. Top management support 2. Expectations begin at the top 3. Ethics embedded in training 4. Ethics office set up 5. External stakeholders informed 6.There must be enforcement
Factors Influencing Business Ethics
a. Individual Standards and Values b. Managers' and Coworkers' Influence c. Opportunity: Codes and Compliance Requirements [a+b+c= Ethical/Unethical Choices in Business
Importance of Business Ethics
Ethics influence and contribute to : - Employee Commitment - Investor and customer loyalty - Customer satisfaction - Ability to build relationships with stakeholders - Greater earning
Four General Business Ethics
- Ethics of human resource management. - Ethics of sales and marketing. - Ethics of production. - Ethics of intellectual property, knowledge and skills
Business ethics is applied ethics that focuses on real-world situations and the context and environment in which transactions occur.
True
sets standards for determining the difference between good and bad decision-making and behavior.
organization’s culture
Business ethics can be defined as written and unwritten codes of principles and values that govern decisions and actions within a company.
True
What is the definition of Business Ethics
The principles and standards that define acceptable conduct in business
What is the definition of business?
Business refers to lawful activities engaged in by human beings, involving the production and exchanging of goods and services as a means of livelihood or a source of profit.
What are the reasons why people go into business?
People go into business for reasons such as hunting, specialization, manufacturing, selling, and marketing.