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Chapter One - The Low Energy State
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Chapter One - The Low Energy State
Chapter One_ The Low Energy State .pdf Flashcards
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1
Question
What is the most important concept in medicine according to Chapter One?
Answer
The low energy state is the most important concept in medicine.
2
Question
What are the two foundational topics that the low energy state is based on?
Answer
The low energy state is based on a fusion of biochemistry and physiology.
3
Question
Why does the body create and expend energy daily?
Answer
Every cell in the body needs energy; if the body runs out of energy, every cell will eventually die.
4
Question
Which cells will run out of energy first in the body?
Answer
The rapidly dividing cells will run out of energy first because they use the most energy.
5
Question
What are nucleotides and why are they important for rapidly dividing cells?
Answer
Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA, which costs a lot of energy in the form of ATP.
6
Question
What happens to epithelial cells in the low energy state?
Answer
Epithelial cells no longer have ATP for collagen synthesis or DNA repair, leading to dry, flaky, and itchy skin.
7
Question
What are the consequences of low energy state on hair?
Answer
Hair epithelial cells no longer have ATP for replacement, leading to dry, brittle hair that eventually falls out.
8
Question
What happens to nails and cuticles in a low energy state?
Answer
Epidermal skin under the nail stops making new cells, resulting in dry and brittle nails.
9
Question
How does the low energy state affect the GI tract?
Answer
The mucosal epithelium no longer has ATP for active transport of nutrients, causing malabsorption, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
10
Question
What is the function of cilia on the respiratory epithelium?
Answer
Cilia move mucus containing particles, pathogens, and dead cells from the distal airways up to the trachea, inducing the cough reflex.
11
Question
What occurs without cilia function in the respiratory tract?
Answer
Mucus blocks the airway, causing ventilation problems and trapping particles, pathogens, and dead cells, leading to respiratory infections.
12
Question
What role does the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) play in kidney function?
Answer
The PCT reabsorbs 70-80% of everything from urine filtrate.
13
Question
What happens to blood solute concentrations if PCT cells are nonfunctional due to lack of energy?
Answer
Blood concentration of solutes usually secreted into the urine will increase, while blood concentration of solutes usually reabsorbed from the urine will decrease.
14
Question
Define reabsorption in the context of kidney function.
Answer
Reabsorption is the process of moving things from the urine back into the blood.
15
Question
Define secretion in the context of kidney function.
Answer
Secretion is the process of moving things from the blood out to the urine for excretion.
16
Question
What is a Low Energy State in the uterus?
Answer
In a Low Energy State, the uterus experiences a lack of ATP in endometrial cells, preventing replication every month, which results in secondary amenorrhea.
17
Question
What are the consequences of a Low Energy State uterus on fertilized eggs?
Answer
Without endometrial replication, there is no source of nourishment for fertilized eggs trying to implant in the uterine wall, resulting in sterility.
18
Question
What happens to ductal epithelium in a Low Energy State breast?
Answer
The ductal epithelium will atrophy, and the tissue becomes fibrous and dense.
19
Question
What effects does a Low Energy State have on testicles?
Answer
There is decreased function of the epithelium of the seminiferous tubules, leading to low sperm count and sterility.
20
Question
What is the response of endothelium cells under low energy state conditions?
Answer
Endothelium cells, which are not rapidly dividing under normal circumstances, become inflamed when injured, leading to vasculitis.
21
Question
What is vasculitis and its consequences?
Answer
Vasculitis causes tears in platelets and red blood cells (RBCs), creating schistocytes, which results in a drop in RBC count and platelet count.
22
Question
What are the symptoms of low platelet count due to vasculitis?
Answer
If there are not enough platelets, the patient will start bleeding from skin and mucosal surfaces, causing petechiae, purpura, and ecchymoses, along with bleeding in GI, GU, and respiratory tracts.
23
Question
Where are pluripotent stem cells located?
Answer
Pluripotent stem cells are located underneath all epithelium.
24
Question
What happens to stem cells in a low energy state?
Answer
In a low energy state, stem cells are in overdrive, rapidly replacing lost dividing cells, but they themselves become low energy.
25
Question
What is the consequence of low ATP in the bone marrow?
Answer
Without ATP, hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow cannot differentiate into other cell lines, causing anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia.
26
Question
What are the three reasons the body needs stem cells to replicate?
Answer
1. Apoptosis - scheduled cell death. 2. Necrosis - unscheduled cellular death due to accidents. 3. Mutation - live cells with mutations, as seen in cancer.
27
Question
How does a low energy state with faulty stem cells predispose a person to cancer?
Answer
Faulty stem cells in a low energy state can lead to insufficient replacement of damaged cells, resulting in a higher risk of mutations and cancer.
28
Question
What type of cells are classified as labile cells?
Answer
Labile cells are constantly dividing, examples include rapidly dividing cells.
29
Question
What are stable cells and their examples?
Answer
Stable cells only divide when necessary; examples include functional tissue of the liver, pancreas, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells.
30
Question
What type of cells are permanent cells?
Answer
Permanent cells cannot divide; examples include neurons, cardiac myocytes, and skeletal myocytes.