/
Intro Epithelium and Glands 8_12.pdf Flashcards
Save to my account
Sign up
Intro Epithelium and Glands 8_12.pdf Flashcards
Intro Epithelium and Glands 8_12.pdf Flashcards
Study
1
Question
What is histology?
Answer
Histology is the scientific study of the body's structures microscopically.
2
Question
What are histology courses based on?
Answer
Histology courses are based on the appearance of tissues under light microscopy.
3
Question
What is the role of Oral Maxillofacial Pathologists?
Answer
One of Oral Maxillofacial Pathologists' primary roles is looking at biopsy specimens from the head and neck under a microscope.
4
Question
What is the first step in the biopsy procedure?
Answer
The surgical biopsy procedure is performed and the tissue is placed IMMEDIATELY in formalin.
5
Question
What is formalin?
Answer
Formalin is a chemical fixative that prevents autolysis (self-disintegration or rupture) and helps sustain the integrity of the tissue so that the cell structure is visible to the pathologist.
6
Question
What happens to the specimen after being placed in formalin?
Answer
The specimen is then dehydrated in alcohol and embedded into paraffin wax, preserving the tissue for making slides.
7
Question
What is the most commonly used staining method in histology?
Answer
The most commonly used staining method and the gold standard for diagnosis is hematoxylin and eosin stain.
8
Question
What colors do hematoxylin and eosin stains produce?
Answer
Hematoxylin produces a purplish-blue color, while eosin produces a red color.
9
Question
What cellular structures are stained by hematoxylin and eosin?
Answer
Nuclei stain with hematoxylin, while the extracellular matrix and cytoplasm stain with eosin.
10
Question
What is the significance of eosinophilic vs basophilic staining?
Answer
A significant part of histopathologic diagnosis is based on how eosinophilic or basophilic a cell or cellular components appear.
11
Question
What are the two types of electron microscopy?
Answer
The two types of electron microscopy are transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
12
Question
What is the difference between light and electron microscopy in terms of dimensions?
Answer
Light microscopy shows cells in 2D, while electron microscopy shows cells in 3D.
13
Question
What is immunohistochemical staining?
Answer
Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining is a laboratory technique that uses antibodies to check for certain antibodies or markers in a sample of tissue.
14
Question
What types of tissues are mammalian organs divided into?
Answer
Mammalian organs are divided into four basic tissue types: Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Nervous.
15
Question
What are the characteristics of epithelial tissue?
Answer
Epithelial tissues are composed of closely aggregated polyhedral cells that adhere strongly to one another and to the extracellular matrix, forming cellular sheets that line organs and cover body surfaces.
16
Question
What are the two main groups of epithelia?
Answer
Epithelia can be divided into two main groups: Covering (lining) and Secretory (glandular).
17
Question
How can epithelial layers be classified based on cell layers?
Answer
Epithelial layers can be classified as simple (one cell layer) or stratified (multiple cell layers).
18
Question
What are the classifications of epithelial cells based on shape?
Answer
Epithelial cells can be classified as squamous (thin, flat cells), cuboidal (cell width and thickness roughly similar), or columnar (cells taller than they are wide).
19
Question
What is keratinization in stratified squamous epithelium?
Answer
Stratified squamous epithelium can be subclassified into keratinized (packed with keratin filaments) or non-keratinized (sparse content of keratin filaments).
20
Question
What is a key feature of transitional epithelium?
Answer
Transitional epithelium has a superficial layer of large dome-like cells, often referred to as umbrella cells, which protect tissues from the cytotoxic effects of urine.
21
Question
What are the functions of secretory epithelial cells?
Answer
Secretory epithelial cells function mainly to produce and secrete various macromolecules and compromise specialized organs called glands.
22
Question
What types of gland secretion mechanisms are there?
Answer
There are three basic mechanisms for releasing secretory products: Merocrine secretion, Apocrine secretion, and Holocrine secretion.
23
Question
What is the process involved in merocrine secretion?
Answer
Merocrine secretion involves exocytosis from membrane-bound vesicles or secretory granules, causing no damage to the cells.
24
Question
What occurs during apocrine secretion?
Answer
In apocrine secretion, the product accumulates at the cell's apical end, and portions are pinched off to release the product surrounded by a small amount of cytoplasm and cell membrane.
25
Question
What is holocrine secretion?
Answer
Holocrine secretion is a process where cells accumulate product continuously and, as they enlarge, they undergo differentiation culminating in complete cell disruption that releases the product into the glandular lumen.
26
Question
What happens to the cell during holocrine secretion?
Answer
Holocrine secretion destroys the cell.
27
Question
In which glands is holocrine secretion best seen?
Answer
Holocrine secretion is best seen in sebaceous glands producing lipid rich material in the skin.
28
Question
How are exocrine glands classified structurally?
Answer
Exocrine glands are classified into simple and compound based on branching.
29
Question
What characterizes simple exocrine glands?
Answer
Simple exocrine glands do not branch.
30
Question
What characterizes compound exocrine glands?
Answer
Compound exocrine glands have ducts from several secretory units that converge into a larger duct.