8/12 Dental Morphology Flashcards
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8/12 Dental Morphology Flashcards
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What does the maxillary arch refer to?
The maxillary arch refers to the upper jaw (maxilla).
What does the mandibular arch refer to?
The mandibular arch refers to the lower jaw (mandible).
What is the alveolar process?
The alveolar process is the portion of the jaw that serves to support the teeth.
What are alveoli?
Alveoli (plural of alveolus) is the bone of the tooth socket.
How many quadrants are human dentitions divided into?
Each dentition is divided into 4 quadrants.
What separates the right and left quadrants of the dentition?
The median sagittal plane (MSP) separates the right and left quadrants.
How does the upper right quadrant relate to the upper left quadrant?
The upper right (UR) quadrant mirrors the upper left (UL) quadrant.
What does the term 'heterodont' mean?
Heterodont refers to a dentition comprised of different classes of teeth which perform different functions in the mastication (chewing) process.
What is a homodont dentition?
A homodont dentition is one where all the teeth are the same in form and type, as seen in reptiles and fish.
What does diphyodont mean?
Diphyodont means having 2 sets of teeth.
What are deciduous teeth also known as?
Deciduous teeth are also known as primary or baby teeth.
What is the significance of permanent dentition?
Permanent dentition, also known as secondary dentition, consists of teeth that replace the 20 deciduous teeth, totaling 32 teeth.
What are incisors?
Incisors are the two teeth closest to the midline, including central and lateral incisors, involved in cutting and incising food.
What are canines also known as?
Canines are also known as cuspids or 'fangs', and are involved in cutting, piercing, and tearing food.
What function do premolars serve?
Premolars (4th and 5th teeth from the midline) are involved in tearing, holding, and grinding food.
What is the role of molars?
Molars (6th, 7th, and 8th teeth from the midline) are involved in grinding and crushing food.
How is the Universal Numbering System organized for permanent teeth?
In the Universal Numbering System, the maxillary arch is numbered from right to left (1-16) and the mandibular arch from left to right (17-32).
How are deciduous teeth labeled in the Universal Numbering System?
In the Universal Numbering System, the maxillary arch is lettered from A to J and the mandibular arch from K to T.
What is the Federation Dentaire Internationale (FDI) numbering system?
The FDI is a two-digit system where the first digit indicates the quadrant and the second digit indicates the tooth within the quadrant.
What is the Palmer Notation System?
The Palmer Notation System utilizes four brackets to denote each of the four quadrants, with permanent teeth numbered 1-8 and deciduous teeth lettered A-E.
What are dental surfaces?
Facial surfaces are those that face the cheeks or lips, labial surfaces are of anterior teeth that touch the lips, and buccal surfaces are of posterior teeth that contact the cheeks.
What are the surfaces facing the tongue called?
The surfaces facing the tongue are called lingual surfaces.
What does the occlusal surface refer to?
The occlusal surfaces of the premolars and molars come in contact with those of the opposing jaw and are involved in the chewing/grinding of food.
What are the mesial and distal surfaces?
Mesial surfaces are toward the median sagittal plane, and distal surfaces are away from the median sagittal plane.
What are the proximal or interproximal surfaces?
Proximal (or interproximal) surfaces face the adjoining teeth and can be called either mesial or distal.
What is enamel?
Enamel is the outer surface of the anatomical crown, composed mostly of hydroxyapatite and organized in the form of enamel rods.
What covers the outer surface of the anatomical root?
Cementum is the thin layer that covers the outer surface of the anatomical root.
What constitutes the largest portion of the tooth?
Dentin forms the largest portion of the tooth, covered by enamel on the anatomical crown and cementum on the root.
What does the pulp contain?
The pulp contains nerves, arterioles, venules, capillaries, lymph channels, connective tissue cells, odontoblasts, fibroblasts, macrophages, collagen, and fine fibers.
Where do the crown and root of the tooth join?
The crown and root join at the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) or cervical line (CL).